摘要:公共物品供给的市场化改革就是要让私营部门参与进来,与公共机构公平竞争某项合同,使竞争变得更为有效。但是在实施过程中常常会出现不公平现象,一般表现为以下两个方面:一是对私人部门的不公平对待,合同对私人承包商绩效要求,而对公共部门则没有:私营部门若中标,风险由自身承担,而公共部门获得合同,其经营风险又可以以政府财政作后盾。
challenged.
Supply of public goods in the market -oriented reform is to make the private sector involved, fair competition and public institutions a contract , so that competition becomes more effective. However, in the implementation process often injustice , the general performance of the following two aspects: First, the private sector is not treated fairly, contract performance requirements for private contractors , while the public sector is no : the private sector if successful , risk by its own commitments , while the public sector awarded the contract , the business risks and can be backed by government finances . Second, once a certain a certain private enterprises to enter the public domain , usually other companies involved in the field will have no chance , in fact, which formed a monopoly . Therefore, when the public and private sectors , the private sector and the private sector with a competitive supply of public goods , it should be treated fairly, develop uniform assessment criteria , to ensure fair competition and effectiveness.
Nonprofit sector ( associations ) although as a new career developed in China and has been involved in the field of public goods supply , to meet the government and the market can not or difficult to meet the demand is playing an increasingly important role. However, from the overall situation, the non-profit sector in China's current supply of public goods area that has not formed corresponding norms , there are many problems .
The purpose of a variety of non-profit sector is to mobilize a variety of community resources to achieve the goals and objectives of autonomy . While our non-profit sector has made great progress , but overall, the lack of resources, lack of public goods supply , which is mainly manifested in spending a smaller scale. Western welfare states , the nonprofit sector generally accounts for their total annual expenditure of GDP that year (GDP) larger proportion , while China 1998 GDP was 7.83457 trillion , the third sector accounted for only 0.46 percent of total expenditures .
Nonprofit sector as the supply of public goods participants must have a high functional structure reasonable. Societies in the social life in accordance with the role can be divided into six categories: political leadership class , business management class, represents the interests of class , public service classes , sports classes fellowship friendship and academic exchanges like stream. In the developed democratic countries , public service organizations like large proportion of these communities for the provision of public goods plays a big role , and promoting the improvement of social welfare . National societies in China , the proportion of associations of various functions as follows: where the largest proportion of associations, academic exchanges , accounting for 48% of the total ; followed by the management class societies , accounting for 28% of the total ; third Friendship is a stylistic category associations , accounting for 11% ; class representing the interests of community associations and public service category the proportion is about both , the smallest proportion is political leadership class societies about 1%. Functional structure is irrational, making China's non-governmental sector in the supply of public goods on the lack of effectiveness .
Our non-profit sector is mainly created by the government or b
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