摘要:公共物品供给的市场化改革就是要让私营部门参与进来,与公共机构公平竞争某项合同,使竞争变得更为有效。但是在实施过程中常常会出现不公平现象,一般表现为以下两个方面:一是对私人部门的不公平对待,合同对私人承包商绩效要求,而对公共部门则没有:私营部门若中标,风险由自身承担,而公共部门获得合同,其经营风险又可以以政府财政作后盾。
owing public demand differentiation . It is a creative and dynamic public sector reconstruction process , aims to work with individuals , community groups and other government entities sharing government functions to improve the delivery of services to customers . It is the citizens and the government to re- establish contact an attempt to service supply networks , public agencies, private organizations and voluntary sector development partnerships platform, but also strengthen the public service ethic and innovative structural arrangements . It reduces the provision of services directly to the public institutions and public officials , so that more than half of public goods are no longer produced directly by government departments , but rather to provide a mixed manner . It advocates a pragmatic , case -concept makes specific provision of public goods to be the most suitable mechanism for service issues and the environment options become more results-oriented , civic centers , transparent, accountable and value driven . , It makes the supply of public goods more efficient and equitable, to better meet the needs of the public interest . It makes some public services transferred to other departments while maintaining universal service and welfare . 21st century, mixed supply all countries and regions of the world has made great achievements , as more and more countries are accepted and used.
From China's current actual situation, strict government control regimes and administrative examination and approval system covers almost all public goods production and circulation in all aspects of public goods production is mainly concentrated in the various state-owned enterprises, the formation of a single the main production and ownership structure , the implementation of a vertically integrated monopoly. This makes a lot of private capital , foreign capital can not enter the public goods production and circulation . Such direct government production of public goods the way , not only spent a lot of manpower, material and financial resources, but the main thing is that it makes public goods always in a situation of extreme shortage .
The public nature of public goods in different definition determines its main supply can be diverse . The public nature of public goods the higher the degree , the supply situation on the social welfare impact of the production and the wider population , the greater the more important to ensure their adequate supply . Therefore, the Government should supply pure public goods, but the government does not mean that the government supply production of public goods can be produced according to their actual situation properly by private organizations or non-profit organizations to carry out. United States, Britain and other developed market economy countries are bridges, transportation , telecommunications , education and other infrastructure areas was introduced in market participation. For some inconsequential public goods can be provided by the market , the third sector can be a way of supplying the other two supplementary .
Supply cost is reflected in the administrative cost . Since 1978 , China's administrative spending accounted for an increasing percentage of expenditures in 2006 amounted to 18.73% , compared with 2.38 percent in Japan , the United Kingdom 4.19 %, South Korea 5.06 %, France 6.5% , 7.1% in Canada , the United States the 9.9% are much higher ; and in rec
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