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bsp;areas’  future  teaching and Educational reforms. Eventually, hope that the research results will provide a few useful and suggestive implications for other English teachers.Whenever  young  and  adult  second  language  learners  are  communicating  at  home,  at school,  at  work,  or  in  the  community,  listening  is  always  a  crucial  role  in  their  competent language performance. Through the common courses of a day, listening is used nearly twice more  than  speaking  and  four  to  five  times  more  than  reading  and  writing  (Rivers,  1981). Lately, a study on Fortune 500 Corporations, it was found by Wolvin and Coakley (1991) that listening  was  thought  to  be  significant  for  communication  in  working  with  respect  to  many aspects  like  entry-level  employment,  job  success,  general  career  competence,  managerial competency,  and  effectiveness  of  relationships  between  supervisors  and  subordinates,  which means  that  listening  is  still  vital  out  of  classroom  and  schools.   
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Chapter 2 Literature Review of the Study 

2.1 Studies of EFL Learners’ English Listening Abroad and at Home 
Listening  as  an  important  part  of  the  second  language  learning  process,  has  also  been defined  as  an  active  process  during  which  the  listener  constructs  meaning  from  oral  input (Bentley  &  Bacon,  1996).  In  Nagle  and  Sanders’s  (1986)  model  of  listening  comprehension processing, the listener utilizes both automatic and controlled processes to synthesize meaning from oral input. Similarly, in Vandergrift’s Interactive-Constructivist model (1999), the listener is actively engaged in constructing meaning from a variety of contexts and input sources. The processing  models  for  reading,  however,  can  help  us  better  understand  listening;  and  more than  any  other  approaches  to  defining  listening,  seem  to  work  on  instruction.  Pearson  and Fielding  (1983)  linked  listening  skills  to  reading  skills  as  they  felt  that  similar  language comprehension  processes  are  taken  advantage  of  by  both  reading  and  listening.  As  does reading, they maintain, listening involves the simultaneous orchestration of skills in phonology, syntax, semantics, and knowledge of text structure, all of which seem to be controlled by the same set of cognitive processes. Listening  is  considered  to  be  an  active  process  of  selecting  and  interpreting  information from  audio  and  本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。