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rs, administrators, teachers and students themselves to answer the following questions: where the learners started; where they are now; where they are going; and how they are moving from their start points to their ends. 
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Chapter Two Literature Review 

The literature related to the study can be divided into three parts in this chapter and they are curriculum design, ESP and NA. Part one reviews relevant studies on curriculum design. The  second  part  consists  of  theory  of  ESP,  including  its  origin,  development,  definitions, classifications,  the  differences  between  ESP  and  EGP,  and  the  development  of  Business English. The third part reviews relevant studies on NA. The forth part concludes with recent studies on NA of curriculum design for Business English teaching abroad and in China. 

2.1 Curriculum design 

Nunan  (1988)  argues  curriculum  design  in  language  teaching  originated  from  the syllabus design. It started in the 1960s, and since great progress has been made in curriculum design in the field of Foreign Language Teaching (FLT). For ESP teachers, curriculum design is  essential  and  important.  Although  curriculum  design  varies  greatly  from  university  to university,  ESP  teachers  or  curriculum  designers  still  hold  some  common  conceptions  and approaches of curriculum design. This part will review the curriculum design theory from the aspects  of  definitions  of  curriculum,  definitions,  models  and  components  of  curriculum design, and approaches to curriculum design. According  to  the  Longman  Dictionary  of  Language  Teaching  and  Applied  Linguistics, the meaning of curriculum has two aspects. One refers to teaching plans that are concentrated on  the  problems  of  aims,  content,  teaching  process,  learning  methods  and  evaluation.  The other  is  equal  to  syllabus  in  a  certain  sense,  especially  in  curriculum  design  and  language teaching. Curriculum and syllabus are two confusing concepts. Allen (1984) holds the opinion that curriculum is a general concept and takes the whole complex  of  philosophical,  social  and  administrative  factors  into  consideration  to  plan  an educational  program.  According  to  Brown  (1995:  19),  curriculum  should  be  defined  in  a broad  sense  which  involves  systematic  consideration  of  planning,  implementing  and evaluating educational program.  

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2.2 English for Specific Purposes (ESP) 
Business  English  can  trace  its  classification  back  to  the  ESP.  ESP  does  not  mean  a special kind or variety of English, but it ref本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。