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ore about the links and make the right decisions. The study will first explain why firms want to link with scientific research and analyze the link forms that firms adopt currently, and then have insight on the factors that should be considered by managers when deciding the company’s link form to scientific research. At last, a decision model will derived.

公司与科学研究产生联系的原因---Reasons for Firms Linking with Scientific Research

Numerous previous works argue that scientific research could increase the rate of technological advance, which will boost economic growth. So, it is a social need that companies should link with scientific research. However, we are not going to dig it in a macro view here. We will discuss the reasons in a micro view- firms’ stance.

There are several perspectives in explaining why firms link with scientific research. One widely supported perspective is that it is the firm’s need for innovative search that makes firm link with scientific research. The innovative search includes searching for new product idea, new forms of organization and solutions to existing problems (Stuart and Podolny, 1996; Koput, 1997; Katila, 2002; Katila and Ahuja, 2002; Mahdi, 2003). In terms of the firms’ basic motivation, firms need innovative activities to shape out better products, better services or better organizations to deliver superior value to their customer in order to generate above-average return. This perspective perfectly matched firms’ motivations because the innovative search process, in a deeper sight, can be viewed as a vital capability which helps companies sustaining their competitive advantages (Eisenhardt and Martin, 2000). Base on the argument of innovation search process, Fleeming and Sorenson(2004) argued that invention could also be combinations of search process and scientific research could lead firms more directly to useful combinations, eliminating fruitless research directions and motivate firms to continue even the temporary result is negative. This function becomes most significant when firms’ innovations are relying on complex combination of numerous components. Another argument was raised by March (1991), as the growth of a firm is determined by what resource the firm has and how adequate and effective does the firm uses them (Penrose, 1959), firms need to balance its resources on knowledge exploitation and knowledge exploration. Knowledge exploitation refers to exploit existing technologies to develop product and make profit. But in today’s competing environment, existing technologies will not be long duration. Just like the example that VCD become quickly replaced by proliferated DVD, existing technologies will quickly be obsolete when new breakthrough technologies come out and delivers added value. So, competitive firms are wise to link with scientific research to balance knowledge exploration, thereby keeping their technology state-of- the-art in their market niche. Besides, the investment perspective says firms view their linkage with scientific research as an investment and most of them prefer applied research than basic research (Rosenberg, 1990). Basic research consist so many uncertainties and require a very long period to bring financial return even if achievement is made, firms normally cannot accept its high risk and long payoff time (Rosenberg, 1990). It is obvious that those firms who regularly invest on basic resea本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。