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h the enlightened Found Fathers did not approve of the enslavement of the blacks, it in terms of so many people’s profits. They had to make compromise. “Without compromise,’ No union could possibly have been formed ’because the Southern states would not have agreed to join the union if slavery was prohibited by the national government.” (Connor, 178) So the slave triangle trade was not banned by the congress until 1808. “Liberty and slavery－opposite as Heaven and Hell－are both in the Constitution.”(Schmidt, 154) Thus, the Negro Problem became a hidden peril of America. After that, the first major crisis occurred in 1820. “When the territory of Missouri applied for admission to the Union as a ‘slave state’ —that is one state in which slavery would be legal. Missouri’s admission was opposed by northern senators. The resultant Missouri Compromise of 1820 allowed the admission of the Missouri as a slave state, along with the admission of Maine (formed out of the territory of Massachusetts with the permission of Congress and Massachusetts) as free state.” (Connor, 179) The compromise of 1820 intensified the contradiction between the South and North. In order to solidify control of slaves, the plantation elite established an elaborate system of laws and customs. According to these laws, slaves were still their master’s property without any civil rights. Slaves were forbidden to gain education opportunity. At the same time, the masters’ rights over their slaves had been expanded to every aspect, including slave’s life, living condition, or even names. By 1850, things had been different. The conflict on the slavery between the southern and northern states became obvious because of America’s industrial revolution and westward expansion. The emergence and development of manufacture industry in the northern states asked for unified national markets and free labor, and the manufacturers and businessmen believed that the cheap slave labor was an obstacle to their further development. So they wanted to see it abolished. The southern planters defended slavery as the main source of wealth in the south. Thus the contradiction in the whites was fierce. John Brown, the first white American abolitionist, led 21 men on a raid of the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia on October 16, 1853.He wanted to arm slaves with the weapons they seized from the arsenal. But unexpectedly, there were few slaves joining them. Within 36 hours of the attack, most of Brown’s men had been killed or captured. But John Brown’s insurrection marked the end of compromise over the issue of slavery. From then on, the voice of anti-slavery became louder and louder. Reformers and statesman called for change, and then this period became the calm before storm. The Civil War is unavoidable. Many white abolitionists built the “underground railroad” to help the slaves escape. From these issues, it can be seen that the blacks showed very indifferent to the abolitionist affairs. The whites acted more active than the slave themselves. C. The Blacks’ Living Condition After the Civil War The Civil War finally put an end to the slave system in America. As far as equality and civil rights concerned, the Civil War does not solve the Negro problem thoroughly. Most of the Whites in northern states opposed slavery because their own interest. They wanted to solve the labor problem not the problem of equality. After all, the achievement of the Civil War on slaver problem is outstanding. Be