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cause of it, the three so-called Civil War amendments—the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution were passed. The Thirteenth Amendment banned all forms of “slavery and involuntary servitude.” The fourteenth and fifteenth Amendment passed in 1868 and 1870 respectively, which provided, “All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the states in which they reside” and “The rights of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” “It guaranteed the right of citizens’ to vote regardless of their race, color or previous condition of servitude.” (Connor, 182) But in reality, the southern states established much State law to restrict the blacks’ rights, especially the voting right. They made many requirements on the voter, such as laid down regulation on their property or education qualifications. Meanwhile, there were many diehard racialists. Take Ku Klux Klan for example, they assassinated many blacks for preventing them from enjoying the civil rights as equal as whites. So the liberated blacks still neither could nor live together with whites. The black children could not study in the same school with whites. Besides, they shared less working opportunities and lower payment. In a word, the problem of sharing equality to the blacks was not really solved in practice, and the blacks and whites were segregated imperceptibly. It is a part reason for the Social Movement in the 1960s. Ⅱ. The Awakening of African American A black middle class had developed by the turn of the century, fostered by increased education and employment opportunities following the American Civil War. Many blacks moved from an economically depressed rural South to industrial cities of the North to take advantage of the employment opportunities created by the World WarⅠ. More and more educated and socially conscious blacks gathered in Harlem, a section of New York City. This city developed into the political and cultural center of black American. These blacks showed a strong interest in the roots of the 20th century African American experience in Africa and the American South. They initiated an African-American cultural movement became known as the Harlem Renaissance. It was closely related to the development in African music, art and Politics. These African American artists and writers employed culture to work for goals of civil rights and equality. The Harlem Renaissance aroused the awakening of African Americans. From then on, they became to fight for their equal treatment in social life. They wanted to be melted into the American society actively. The strong desire of participating the social affairs stimulated the later social movement indirectly, and made a great stride in the development of democracy. A. The Awakening of African American and Civil Rights Movement The African American influenced by the Harlem Renaissance had a strong sense of racial pride and desire foe social and political equality. After World War Ⅱ, federal government subsidized education career. The black men lived in northern states and more women had opportunity to learn, and they became well-educated. But in the segregated South, blacks were prevented from sitting together in public place. What worse is that most blacks did not own voting rights in