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三、科技英语的结构特点

科技英语的文体不论用于文字,还是口头都是比较正式的。这也是由其内容所决定的。因为只有这样传达的信息才能够多而且准确。请看下面两小段文章:

(1)One type of particle is known as the electron. An-other type of particle is known as the proton. Yet anothertype is known as the neutron. Electrons have negativecharges. Protons have positive charges. Neutrons have nocharges. When charges move, we get an electric current.An electric current consists of a movement of negativecharges. The charges that flow through the electric wire areelectrons. The flow of electrons gives us electricity.

(2)When an electric current is passed between twoelectrodes immersed in such a solution, the- charged ironsmove towards the anode, while the + charged irons aredrawn to the cathode. Assuming that the electrolyte is acopper sulphate solution and the electrodes are of copper,then the sulphate iron will be attracted to the anode, wherethey unite with the copper of the plate to form new coppersulphate, while the metallic copper irons are deposited onthe cathode as pure copper.

从例子中我们可以看到:第一段是科普读物,它介于纯文学体和科技体之间。整段文章共有70多个词,其中有10个句子,3个被动结构,2个从句。第二段是地地道道的科技英语。它叙述的是电解过程。全句也是70多个词,但只有2个句子,可在这2个句子中竟有4个被动结构,5个从句。所以为了使其严谨、正确,专业性越强的文章语体的正式程度越高。在其结构上,句子越长,从句越多,被动语态越多。认识了这些结构上的特点,我们在公共英语的教学中,特别是在理、工科的高年级阅读课中就会注意帮助学生分析难句、长句,借助于语法分析这种手段来提高学生对专业性较强的文章的理解能力。

由此可见,了解科技英语的特点对我们的大学英语教学是十分必要的。因为这样做对我们的教学不仅能够起到宏观控制,还能够起到具体的微观指导作用,从而达到提高教学水平,增强教学效果之目的。

参 考 文 献

[1] 李努尔.科技英语的语域特征[J].外国语,1992,(2).

[ 2]   A. J. Herbert. The structure of Technical English https://www.51lunwen.org/daxueyingyu/ [M].Longmans,1965.[3] 秦荻辉.科技英语[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2000.

[4] 王令坤等.科技英语读写译教程[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 2002.