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tic and cultural identities. It can reach the aim of communication and can beaccepted by English speakers with other linguistic and cultural backgrounds (2005).Although there is still no unified or specific definition of China English, most scholarsstudying China English hold unanimously that China English, the outcome of the combinationbetween the English language native English speakers use and Chinese specific society andculture, is an objective reality; it is an English variety based on Standard English, which is usedto express matters and phenomena with Chinese characteristics; it is accepted by English nativespeakers, and plays a significant role in English learning and Chinese culture dissemination.Through concerted efforts of these scholars, studies on China English turn out to be morecomprehensive and profound, which are from the initial lexical level to the more complicatedtextual one as well. China English, Chinglish and Chinese EnglishDiscussions on the differentiation of China English, Chinglish and Chinese English havenot been ceased and are still the hot topic in Chinese academic circle.First of all, it should be made clear that “Chinglish” and “Chinese English” are the twodifferent names of a concept, in other words, Chinglish is also known as Chinese English. Theyare the same in the strict sense; hence, this paper uses Chinglish to refer to both of them.As a matter of fact, Chinglish is the pragmatic failure in cross-cultural communication and asort of interlanguage roughly made up by Chinese beginners of English. It is a quiet commonphenomenon in the process of English learning, such as “Good morning, teacher”, “good goodstudy, day day up”, “My body is very healthy”, “the letter writes”, “completely conquer”.Indeed, there is some connection between China English and Chinglish. Xie (1995)mentioned that: “[translation mine] The gap between China English and Chinglish is notinsurmountable. They only differ in the efficiency of communication and the identification ofspeakers of Standard English.” Both of them are varieties influenced by China culture andlanguage. They can be viewed as hierarchic varieties of English in China. What makes adifference is that Chinglish is the lower variety while China English higher variety. Hence,Chinglish develops to China English in a continuum.Varney (1991) emphasized that quite a few Chinglish expressions brought about bymistranslation sometimes are more powerful and influential than idiomatic English ones. Takethe word “litter” as an example. English native speakers seldom use it as a verb, and when theywant to warn people to keep parks clean, they will use “The dropping of litter is prohibited”,which is a habitual expression in English-speaking countries. But in Chinese English, we canoften see the expression“ Don’t litter”. It seems that the latter is more straight and powerful thanthe former, moreover, the latter can be easily accepted by native English speakers and willgradually become a part of China English.Since both Chinglish and China English are hierarchic varieties resulting from interferenceof Chinese language and culture, it is important to differentiate between them. The differences ofChina English and Chinglish are summarized in the following part.Firstly, China English is a variety resulting from English nativization, which is stable. Onthe contrary, Chinglish is an interlanguage, which is unstable. It is the pragmatic failure and willbe gradually eliminated.Secondly, Ch