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writers as modifiers of the utterances when they lack in the complete commitment to thetruth of the proposition or have intention not to express the commitment. To deepen theunderstanding of the term of hedges, the following section will touch on the classification ofhedges and provide more examples.

Chapter Three Theoretical Framework.......... 30-35
    3.1 Cooperative Principle ..........30-32
    3.2 Politeness Theories ..........32-35
        3.2.1 Leech’s Politeness Principle.......... 32-33
        3.2.2 Brown and Levinson’s FTA theory.......... 33-35
Chapter Four Methodology ..........35-49
    4.1 Research questions..........35
    4.2 Corpora employed ..........35-37
        4.2.1 Learners’ corpus: COLSEC.......... 36
        4.2.2 Reference corpus: BNC ..........36-37
    4.3 Data retrieval software employed..........37-39
    4.4 Research framework and data retrieval principles.......... 39-46
        4.4.1 Hedges focused on in the current research.......... 39-40
        4.4.2 Data retrieval principles..........40-46
    4.5 Research procedure ..........46-48
4.6 Data collection ..........48-49

Conclusion

Although the research has gained some findings related to the use of hedges by CCSsand NSs in spoken English, due to the researcher’s limited capability and some practicaldifficulties, there are still some limitations.Firstly, the present research only investigates 20 hedges, which can’t be said to presentthe whole picture of hedges. Although it is not possible for searching all of hedges in a singleresearch it is clear that the more to be studied, the better.Secondly, the present research only identifies and discusses the hedges according toPrince et al.’s classification related, however, until now, there is still no consensus on thedefinition as well as the classification of hedges, and therefore, there is still a lot of room forfurther study in this field.Thirdly, the comparative study on the pragmatic functions of the hedges used by CCSsand NSs in the present research is mainly based on Cooperative Principle and PolitenessPrinciple and FTA Theory. However, there may be some other functional similarities anddifferences to be found in the use of hedges between CCSs and NSs if taken from differentperspectives.In a word, the adoption of vague language and hedges has provided such a fertile area for linguistic researches. And the researches on the application of hedges in various fields are ofgreat significance. Concerning the use of hedges in EFL learners’ spoken English, thecorpus-based approach is suggested to be adopted for empirical studies. For one aspect, it canbe used for presenting the qualitative feature related. For another aspect, it can provide thecontext for quantitative analysis, especially for learning learners’ pragmatic competence. Ofcourse, the size of the corpus employed is encouraged to be as large as possible in the futurestudies. In the meanwhile, since hedges can be realized in a large number of differentlinguistic本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。