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ners, and empower aims. As to the role of adult educators, they are to assist with analysis of situation and identify people who are oppressors or allies. The adult educators work with people, and they are problem poser not problem solver. Unlike the adult educators in Knowles Model, the adult educators in Freire Model are not guiders but questioners, who ask questions, not instruct learners to do something. Since Frerie was influenced by Brazilian political background, he provided us with a series of values which are quite different from all of other models. He developed his theory out of his literacy work-Pedagogy of the Oppressed (1972) with oppressed and poor peasants in Brazil. Thus, the learners in Freire Model need firstly question and analyze, evaluate their problem in their situation and then take action upon their own world (Newman, 1995) .Their need gain consciousness of their situation. They are involved in changing and acting their world. Through this they, the oppressed, can be emancipated.

Similarities between Knowles Model and Freire Model

Firstly, they both use inductive method in their programming model, though Knowles Model and Freire Model are belonged to two different types of program development. Knowles, the outstanding leading thinker of institutional models, constructed his programming model in his famous work The Modern Practice of Adult Education (1970) on his andragogical philosophy, a philosophy assuming every adult looks forward to be self-directed, and treats their prior experience as the resource of their learning, and they want to learn according to their socio-developmental tasks, and want to apply learning as soon as possible (Boone, Dale& Jo, 2002), so the process of Knowles Model includes the following four stages: self-diagnosis of learning needs, participation in planning and learning experiences, and self-evaluation. It means that learners, first of all , need analyze his own needs of learning, and then actively participate in his learning planning and prior learning experiences, at last, his need evaluate his learning by himself. One need do this step by step till got his goals. Similarly, in Freire Model, learners start to question, analyze, and act upon their world, their ultimate purpose is to liberate from oppression. The process of Freire Model is, first of all, to realize and select contradictions which have already existed, then to express them in visual or oral form, or both, then let the people realize and understand those contradictions to develop themes for the decoding, finally prepare didactic materials in according with expression (Edgar, Boone &Dale, 2002)

So, just like Knowles Model, the process of Freire Model is also inductive. Generally speaking, both Knowles Model and Freire Model use inductive method to construct their models, and create the different models to achieve their goals.

In addition, the other one similarity of the two thinkers’ models is the role of learner in the process of learning. Both of them stress that the learner is an active participator in the process of learning. In Knowles Model, the number one thing that learners need do is to self-diagnose their own needs of learning, which already described above. They need direct their own learning needs, and identify their own prior leaning and experience. 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。