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In other words, learners in Knowles Model are not passive, they are active actors. Similarly, just as it has already described above, learners in Freire Model need question, analyze, evaluate and take upon their world, they need analyze their situation and they need gain consciousness of their situation. In other word, they must totally involve in change and action. All in all, the learners in Freire Model are also active participators.

Differences of the two models

Although the learners are active participator in both of the two models, the characteristics of the learners are different in some aspects.

Firstly, in Knowles model, the learners must have the ability to be self-directed, and they are autonomous learners. Because they need use their experience as a learning resource, so their prior experience is very important for them. On the contrary, Freire Model emphasizes that learners should be the oppressed who can emancipate though concretization. Influenced by his political background, Freire’s values cared about freedom of the oppressed, and their humanizing and humanistic libration from oppression (Edgar, Boone & Dale, 2002), so the learners should be inquisitive and open enough to analyze problems in their world, their situation.

Besides, the two thinkers’ models differ from each other when it comes to the role of adult educator in the process of learning. Since learners need identify their needs of learning, adult educator need help facilitate learning, and recognize prior learning or experience of learners. And they must be responsive to learners’ needs. For learners, adult educator is a guider and helper. But the role of adult educator is different in Freire Model. The adult educator need to assist with analysis of situation and to identify the oppressed or allies. They help posing problem not solving problem, which means that they asking question not instructing learners to resolve problem.

Knowles Model is appropriate for a coffee shop situation.

The programming process of Knowles Model can mesh the management of a coffee shop very well. Generally speaking, a programming planning process often includes several steps. As to Knowles Model, one of the institutional models, there are four steps can give a guide to the process. Those steps include analyze needs of learners, and design a proper program, then implement the training program, finally evaluate it (Jayne & Reich, 2003). Programming models can be used in both purely educational context and some social and commercial situation. For example, the management of a coffee shop is also suitable to implement the programming models. Knowles Model can be an appropriate model for a coffee shop. The coffee shop serves as the organization which can provide staff, resources such as food, drinking, and the fundamental facilities such as tables and chairs. The manager of the coffee shop, serves as the actual operator, plays the role of educator, who can guide waiters to be familiar with a waiter’s job, and recognize the prior experience of waiters, like realize whether a waiter did a waiter’s job before or not, to help them become familiar with the process of a waiter’s job. Actually, someone (Daines. et al. 1995) says that relevant methods combined together will be more effective than 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。