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(刘勰，465~520) who used the term Yi xiang for the first time in discussing poetry. In his famous Carving a Dragon with a Literary Mind (文心雕龙), he said that “Man is endowed with seven emotions, which are moved in response to objects. When moved by objects one signs of one’s intent totally spontaneously ”(人禀七情，应物思感，感悟吟志，莫非自然) , “an original poet should create in the image (独照之匠，窥意象而运斤)”. By this, Liu means that when the poet chooses the words to express his meaning, what appears in his mind is Yixiang, the image fusing the sensual object and abstract concept, which symbolizes that the theory of the image officially came into existence.
The image or Yi xiang in Chinese literary has more implications than that of western literary. Chinese poets call for a higher level of poetic world in creating Xiyang ---- a fusion of objectivity and subjectivity, scene and emotion, nature and self (情景交融、物我合一).

2.3 Interrelationship between culture and translation

Therefore, what does culture matter in translation study? As we learn from one of the above definitions, culture can be regarded as a multi-layered system, and according to the famous culture critic Northrop Frye, the upper layer of culture is the product of creativity unique of a nation, primarily literature and art. A nation’s literature is a very important subsystem of its culture, and translation, a part of literature, is thereby a constituent of the immense system of culture.

In the globalization era of the world nowadays, translation is the principal medium of international and intercultural transmission and communication. What is transmitted in translation is, first and foremost, culture, rather than language itself. Cultural elements penetrate all literary works with its various manifestations ---- symbols, heroes, rituals and values (Hofstede, 1997), and should be treated with extra care during the process of translation, because many of them are unconscious and automatic for people within a certain group. As they are not so visible as language elements, culture elements are hard to be understood by people outside this group without the endeavor of translators. Therefore, culture is a major object of translation activities.

As the above definitions, culture is “socially transmitted” and “passed along by communication and imitation”. It depends heavily upon language as a medium. Because of the losses, errors and reproductions in the process of transmission, culture is constantly changing. In a certain sense, culture is in a constant state of being reproduced and reconstructed by language and literature, which in turn, this transmission also reflects culture, and has influence on it at the same time.

Being one of the oldest professions, translation has contributed immensely to building up, exchanging and receiving the achievements of human knowledge and the treasures of the world’s cultures among all peoples. It has also been instrumental in transmitting culture and become another way of gaining knowledge of other cultures. What’s more, each culture can be in touch with other cultures of varying types through translating.

In the process of cross-cultural communication, the benefits of cultural translation are obvious. As one of the oldest professions, translation has great achievements in communication and receiving the human knowledge. The world's cultural treasures本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。