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n and employment policy in which skilled is continuous mode of development and customization of products for small markets. Kenny and Florida (1988) claimed that post-Fordism and lean production plan had eliminated the need for adversarial industrial. The development of the lean production system had changed the old battlefields of demarcation and struggles over the frontier of control will disappear to which based on the recognition by labour and capital of their mutual interdependency (Oliver and Wilkinsin, 1988 and 1990). Post-Fordism represented the reversal of Taylorism which the key to success was the development of knowledge workforce and co-operative. These were able to influence the whole process of work and product (Piore and Sabel, 1984). Besides, the study of lean production system is to ensure employers must eliminate waste to become lean from the production process. Study from the other hand had argued that the lean production was the only road to success and it was available to employers in a range of contexts (Womack and Jones, 1996).

 

Sayer (1986) had argued that JIT is not good enough, and then he suggested a more flexible system known as 'just in time' (JIT) to overcome the problem raised by Fordist mass production and JIC. It state that all supplies and workers are delivered to the production process at when they are needed in time, just in time. The workers at the last part of the works are given instruction to the upstream to product the part where they needed. JIT can ensure that the productivity cans quickly response to the market demand by the involvement and co-operation of flexible workforce.

 

It is not difficult to find an example of scientific management in 21st century, car factories, hospitals environment, airports, and some restaurants, we can see that their works become more efficient when applying the use of scientific management. To start with, McDonald had applied scientific management to their business operations which become a large organization has excess 30,000 restaurants across the world that serving 52 million customers per day (McDonald's, 2008). Ray Kroc (1902-1984) was the genius of McDonald's restaurants with a big ambition. McDonald has served the best paradigm for, a wide-ranging process that is calls McDonaldization. McDonaldization is a process which the principles of fast-food restaurant are coming to dominate more sectors of American society and the entire world (Ritzer, 2011). The process of McDonaldization take the works and break it down into smaller works by repeating it, it will make the works more efficient. McDonaldization is the process of rationalization, albeit taken to extreme levels.

 

Max Weber (1980) takes the stance that McDonald's has succeeded because of the whole business operations run efficiency, calculability, predictability and control. First, with the least cost to choose something in specific and rapidly is called efficiency. The customers of McDonald's always need to get simplest way from being hungry to being full. So, the workers of McDonald's are trained faster and faster to ensure the efficient work. Next, the emphasis on quantitative本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。