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论文作者:代写留学生论文论文属性:硕士毕业论文 thesis登出时间:2011-05-09编辑:zn1987点击率:3581
论文字数:2541论文编号:org201105091322223516语种:英语 English地区:英国价格:$ 66
关键词:MediaDemocracyMedia Rights
The Role Media’s Fourth Estate in Democracy
1. Introduction
In modern democratic countries, media are playing a more and more important role 代写留学生论文in criticizing the government policies. It is safe to say that mass media are so powerful that they are regarded as the necessary complement of the governmental functions represented by the legislative, the executive and the judicial branches of a democratic state. This complementary function of the mass media is called the fourth estate, a term firstly invented by Thomas Carlyle, the 18th century scholar in Britain. In the modern context, the fourth estate is often parallel to the so-called fourth branch of the government, which implies the independent position of the press in criticizing the governmental policy and to expose the daily behavior of the governmental leaders (Thomas Carlyle 1840). So, the function of the fourth estate of media is to make the politics transparent to the public, which is of a great importance for the formation of an objective viewpoint of the public. Also, with the more and more integrated international politics, the mass media are now paying special attention to the cross-border activities of the government in order to provide information to the public for their meditation of the international policies of the government (Macknight, Thomas 1858). So, by and large, the fourth estate function of the mass media in international politics is largely reflected in two aspects. Firstly, by reporting the activities participated by the governments, the mass media provide transparent and panoramic information to the general public. In the second place, by conducting in-depth reviews of these activities, the media can guide the trend of the public opinion, which is of great importance to the adjustment of the governmental policies. This essay will analyze the function of the fourth estate of press by referring to the Reuters news report, U.S. and Other Big Powers Back Mideast Nuclear Arms Ban, which is attached to this essay and indicates the attitude of the Reuters’ point of view concerning the nuclear policies of the traditional Western powers.
2. The watch-dog function of Media
The media’s fourth estate role is best reflected by the watch-dog function that is important in scrutinizing and exposing the governmental policies and activities (Paulicelli, Eugenia 2001). Especially in this cultural integration age, such a watch-dog function is of vital importance to the globalized criticism of the cooperation of different governments in maintaining the world peace. The Reuters’ news on Sept. 24 2009 concerning the attitude of the permanent Security Council members of the United Nations toward the establishment of a nuclear-weapons-free zone typically reflect such a watch-dog function of the media that are paying special attention to the governmental endeavors in maintaining the world peace.
References:
Macknight, Thomas (1858). History of the life and times of Edmund Burke. London: Chapman and Hall.
Martin A. Lee and Norman Solomon. (1990) Unreliable Sources. New York, NY: Lyle Stuart.
Paulicelli, Eugenia (2001). The Cambridge companion to modern Italian culture. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Pugliese, https://www.51lunwen.org/liuxuelunwendx/Stanislao G. (1999). Carlo Rosselli: socialist heretic and antifascist exile. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Schultz, Julianne (1998). Reviv本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。