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sanne Nikoltchev, Television and Media Concentration, European Audiovisual Observatory, Strasbourg 2001
11 André Lange, introduction to Focus 2002, European Audiovisual Observatory, Strasbourg
12 Mark Crispin Miller, What’s wrong with this picture?, The Nation, 7 January 2002
13 Jo Johnson and Martine Orange, The man who tried to buy the world, Viking Books, 2003
14 Ben H Bagdikian, The Media Monopoly, preface to the sixth edition, Beacon Press, 2000
15 Quoted in Robert McChesney, The New Global Media, the Nation, 29 November 1999
16 See Frank Ahrens and Alec Klein, Ex-Bertelsmann chief in AOL talks, Int Herald Tribune 7-8 Sep 2002; David Kirkpatrick, 2 moguls, one SEC inquiry, Int Herald Tribune, 22 April 2003
17 William Kennard, former FCC chairman, quoted in David Kirkpatrick, Moguls bicker and brainstorm at summer camp, Int Herald Tribune, 14 July 2003
18 Carin Petti and Richard Adams, Now the samba’s over, the Guardian (London), 18 August 2003; Tony Smith, Roberto Marinho obituary, Int Herald Tribune, 9-10 August 2003
19 quoted in Frank Bruni, The Economist fires blistering salvo at Berlusconi, Int Herald Tribune 2-3 August 2003
20 UNI MEI, Independence of Italian public service broadcasting again threatened
21 see John Hooper, Berlusconi’s boundless empire, The Guardian (London), 9 July 2003
22 Charles Slocum, statement to State of California Senate Committee on Banking, Commerce and International Trade, 19 March 2003. See
23 Tessa Jowell, Secretary of State for the Department of Culture, Media and Sport (UK), quoted in Tom O’Malley, Why the Communications Bill is bad news, Campaign for Press and Broadcasting Freedom
24 OECD (Committee on Competition law and policy), Regulation and Competition issues in broadcasting in the light of convergence, (DAFFE/CLP(99)1, April 1999
25 Carmen Palzer and Caroline Hilger, Institute of European Media Law, Media supervision on the threshold of the 21st century – structure and powers of regulatory authorities in the age of convergence, IRIS plus Legal Observations, European Audiovisual Observatory, IRIS issue 2001-8
26 Martha Garcia-Murillo and Ian MacInnes, Regulatory Convergence in the Information Industry, paper at
28th Telecommunications Policy Research Conference 2000.
27 BECTU News, Monopoly and content concerns, 8 February 2001, see www.bectu.org.uk
28 UNI Euro-MEI, Public Service Broadcasting in a new Millennium, Towards a renewed mission statement for public service broadcasting and new action for trade
www.51lunwen.org/media/ unions, UNI Euro-MEI General Assembly, June 2001
29 Robert McChesney and John Nichols, Our Media, not Theirs, Seven Stories Press, 2002
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