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e and attractive to customers. The activities carried out during the process of developing new products are well summarized in various NPD models. These are templates or maps which can be used to describe and guide those activities required to

bring a new product from an idea or opportunity, through to a successful market launch.

NPD models take numerous forms. One of the most recognized NPD models is that developed by the consultants, Booz Allen Hamilton (BAH, 1982) and this process continues to be associated with successful outcomes (Griffin, 1997; Tzokas, 2000). This

model is shown below:

This model has been reformulated and shaped over several decades, with the influential derivative from Cooper and Kleinschmidt (1990) known as the Stage–Gate™ process

Cooper (2008) has modified the Stage Gate process, calling it the NexGen Stage Gate Process:

In the US, the Best Practice Study (1997) showed that 60 per cent of firms used some form of Stage–Gate process, whilst the study in the UK by Tzokas (2000) reported only 8 per cent of firms not having some specified form of process. This and other developments of the BAH model are considered later in the chapter; below is a brief description of the tasks necessary to complete the development and launch of a new product. Each of the stages is described below in turn. Neverthless, across the globe, the Stage Gate process is now the benchmark process model for New Product development.

This process is a method of managing the new product development process to increase the probability of launching new products quickly and successfully. The process provides a blueprint to move projects through the various stages of development:

1.) Idea generation,
2.) Preliminary investigation,
3.) Business case preparation,
4.) Product development,
5.) Product testing, and
6.) Product introduction.

This process is used by such companies as IBM, Procter and Gamble, 3 M, General Motors, and others. The process is primarily used in the development of specific commercial products, and is more likely to be used in platform projects than in derivative projects.

Companies have modified their Stage-Gates procedures are significantly are reporting

(1) Use of virtual teams;
(2) Adoption of collaborative and virtual new product development software supporting tools;
(3) Having formalized strategies in place specifically to guide the new product development process; and
(4) Having adopted structured processes used to guide the new product development process (Ettlie and Elsenbach, 2007).

Barbara Pitts (2008), COO of Stage Gate Inc. states that the following critical success factors are to be built into a Stage-Gate Process Implementation Plan:

Visible and Meaningful Leadership Support:

This is an obvious requirement but one of vital importance. The challenge however, is securing such support. One sure method is to actually incorporate the specific activities of demonstrating visible leadership support right into your implementation project plan. For example, plan for the entire senior executive team to be present during a high profile ‘Stage-Gate Kick-Off’ event. This unified fro本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。