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Corporate Social Responsibility and Human Development:
Towards a New Agenda and Beyond
Ananya Mukherjee Reed & Darryl Reed,
International Secretariat for Human Development
York University
Toronto, 2004

A recent conference organized by the United Nations Research Institute on Social
Development (UNRISD) had as its theme “Corporate Social Responsibility and
Development: Towards a New Agenda?” In his opening remarks to the conference, the
Deputy https://www.51lunwen.org/liuxuelunwendx/Director and CSR Research Co-ordinator at UNRISD, Peter Utting, argued for a
more critical approach to CSR, one that not only took into account the priorities of
developing countries, but was rooted in an account of “the structural and policy
determinants of underdevelopment, inequality and poverty, and the relationship of TNCs
to these.” (2003: 7) Several presenters at the conference went beyond arguing about the
form of a new CSR agenda, however, to advocate the need for a corporate accountability
(CA) agenda. CA moves beyond CSR in that it contends that corporations should not be
free to set their own standards or choose to follow recommended standards in key areas.
Rather, there should be legal mechanisms in operation that compel them to live up to
socially determined standards.
Drawing upon these themes, this paper investigates the following questions: 1)
what a new CSR agenda – one based upon a more critical understanding of CSR – should
entail; 2) whether and why there may be a need to go beyond a new CSR agenda, and; 3)
how much beyond CSR we may need to go. Underlying these questions is a not only
doubt about the effectiveness of CSR programs, but a concern that CSR may function to
detract attention from or even legitimate other corporate practices that can adversely
affect development. Answers to these questions presuppose some normative account of
what development should be and a social scientific (and, in particular, a political
economy) account of the relationship between corporate activities and the structural
causes of inequality and poverty in the Global South.

In investigating these questions, we first distinguish three different conceptions of
(human) development. Next we go on to give an account of the uncritical nature of
mainstream approaches to CSR, and criteria for developing a more critical approach. In
the third section, we illustrate what a new CRS agenda might look like, as well as
indicating how a CA agenda would move beyond this. Finally, by way of conclusion, we
examine how the代写留学生论文 three different conceptions of (human) development relate to the
question of whether there is a need to merely adopt a new CSR agenda or to move
beyond CSR.

References
Bennholdt-Thomsen,Veronika and Maria Mies (1999) The Subsistence Perspective,
London and New York: Zed Books.
Cornia, Giovanni Andrea, R. Jolly, F. Stewart (ed.) (1987) Adjustment with a Human
Face, Oxford: UNICEF & Oxford University Press.
Ekins, Paul and Manfred Max-Neef (1992) Real life Economics : understanding wealth
creation, London and New York:Routledge.
Haq, Mahbub ul. (1997) Reflections on Human Development, (New York: Oxford
University Press)
Max-Neef, Manfred (1989) Human Scale Development Conception Application and
Further Reflections, New York:Apex Press.
Mukherjee Reed, Ananya (forthcoming) “Human Development” in International
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