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The Importance of Risk Management [13]

论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:硕士毕业论文 dissertation登出时间:2012-12-02编辑:tinkle点击率:24210

论文字数:9179论文编号:org201211300955299958语种:英语 English地区:英国价格:免费论文

关键词:Risk ManagementThe real estate businessChina

摘要:中国房地产业的步伐开始在上世纪90年代,这已大大繁荣起来,在接下来的20年。它已经发现,房地产投资已增长20 %,从1999到2006。贡献的房地产,中国国内生产总值占9.2 % 2006(中国国家统计局,2007),反映中国经济严重依赖房地产业务

tion, of which targeted at residential real estate, including the access to CBD, water such as sea, river or lake, demographic characteristics, access to green areas, convenience to commercial objects such as banks, income level of population and prestige, Road accessibility and characteristics.
Most of real estate construction will consider several attributes mentioned by Kryyobokoy although different countries have unique geographical features due to the differences of social features and cultural characteristics.
Besides, The neighborhood infrastructure such as the schools, hospitals, etc. and the accessibility to roads are the most vital location attributes to be considered. However, the attitudes towards location are changeable according to the change of society and economic trends. Take Pudong district in Shanghai as an example. In the 1980s, Pudong is not an attractive location whereas Putong now is regarded as an extremely attractive location in the entire Shanghai because of its booming economy.
It can be seen that real estate investors need to have long term perspective to choose exploitation location to avoid the risks that brought by location.


5.3 Financing risk

The main risk involved in the real estate of financing is the application of financial leverage because the debt can not be paid through the cash income.
Other Financing risks lie in the following aspects. Firstly, the real estate investors in China heavily relied on the bank credit with small scale, low qualifications and insufficient in equity capital, whose financing abilities are in initial stages. They have to turn towards the bank for loan when they will get short in finance. If there had been issues in fund turnover then the crisp financial cycle will break instantly. Secondly, Chinese financing structure is imbalance. The irrational investment trend will be strengthened under high profits, leading to bank loans flowing to unreasonable investment areas and structures. These assets take the risks of shrinking if houses sales reduced. These loans can not be recovered and the capital chain will soon break down. Finally, risk awareness of real estate investors is low. Real estate investors sometimes are impulsive to invest due to the lack of real estate financing supervisory measures, resulting in the expansion of credit and the increase of risks.

 

5.4 Resettlement risk

Resettlement is the second step after purchasing the houses. The transfer from previous inhabitants to the new inhabitants will involve complicated social and legal issues. The regulation and laws related to resettlement in China are currently very general and incomplete. Local governments in China can justify these regulation and laws with their own reasoning whereas previous land owners can justify these regulations in different psychological, social, and economic backgrounds so that the real estate investors may face complicated legal complications.

 

Chapter 5 RESULTS


6. Results

The research methodology that paper has adopted is primary research-----questionnaire, which has been mentioned in the above. The objective of designing questionnaire is to determine the development of the risk management in the real estate sector of China and the attitude of the key participants.
it has been discussed in the methodolo论文英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写英语论文代写代写论文代写英语论文代写留学生论文代写英文论文留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。

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