英语论文网

用主动 ,由于受举措反应的对象很少是感兴味的 ,该署名词有elude , escape ,flee , get , let , race , survive 等。
     5、有些名词和名词构造只能用来主动语态。相似 be said/ reputed/ born/ caught (in) / supposed等. He was caught in a traffic jam . 没有能改为 * S omebody caught him in a traffic jam.因为意思决议 ,有些及物名词一般用主动语态 ,因施动者被以为没有不值提或者没有晓得。相似:He was deemed to be the guardian of the child.T he meeting is scheduled for February 14.这类名词形成的- ed分词有: acclaimed , alleged , annihilated , baffled , born , compressed , condi2tioned , construed , couched , cremated , dazed , deafened , debased , deemed , disconcerted , dubbed ,dwar fed , earmarked , empowered , fined , gutted , headed , horrified , hospitalized , indicted , inundated ,jailed , memorized , misdirected , overcome , paralyzed , penalized , perpetrated , pilloried , populated ,prized ,punctuated , rationed , reconciled , reprieved , reunited , rumored , scheduled , shipped , shipwrecked, short - listed , shrouded ,staffed ,stranded ,strewn , subsumed , suspended ,swamped , w ounded等。6、正在英语中 ,介词名词 (由实义名词如上介词形成的名词习语) 往往可用来主动语态 ,然而没有像用正在自动语态中这样自正在。试比拟下列句子:T he engineers went very carefully into the problem . [ 1a ]T he engineers went very carefully into the tunnel . [ 1b]～T he problem was very carefully g one into by the engineers .～ ?* T he tunnel was very carefully g one into by the engineers .T hey eventually arrived at the ex pected result . [ 2a ]T hey eventually arrived at the splendid stadium. [ 2b]～T he ex pected result was eventually arrived at .～ ?* T he splendid stadium was eventually arrived at .正在上述句子中 , [ 1a ]和[ 2a ]顶用的是介词名词 ,介词和名词是一个全体 ,名词示意引申、形象意思 ,动词为形象动词 ,作介词表语 ,那时可转换为主动句;而[ 1b]和[ 2b]中则是该名词的非习语性用法 ,介词和名词没有是一个全体 ,名词示意字面、详细意思 ,介词和其补语(只能是详细动词)作状语 ,那时没有能够换成主动句。明显 , 能够依照主动语态中的主语是详细的还是形象的来决议句子能否可以成立。但是 , 假如没有是因循守旧 , 那样这类名词短语即便器具体的货色作主语而又没有作为习语运用(特别正在并列构造中以及名词和存正在位置意思和地方意思的介短语合时) , 仍有能够用来主动语态的语境:T his private drawer of mine has been g one into and rummaged so many times that it is totally disarranged.T he island cannot be walked across in an hour or so .T his field must have been played on last week.因而 ,介词名词和名词与介词的非习语性结合之间的差别并没有能彻底决议能否可用主动语态 ,主动式能否成即时起源于习习用法或者习语位置 ,又起源于受事参考者的作用。
    (二)表语的制约
     1、自动句的表语是彼此代词、反身代词或者一个由与主语对于应的收发人代词所限定的动词短语时 ,没有能转换为主动句。相似:We often helped each other .I saw myself in the mirror.T he w oman shook her head .然而 ,正在有彼此代词的句子中 ,假如彼此代词拆开 ,该主动句能够成立:Each could hardly be seen by the other .
     2、表语为同源表语时 ,句子没有能转换为主动句。相似:He ran a race .He died a her