英语论文网

语的学习,因此需要对错误进行评价,判断哪些错误属于错误较严重,哪些是轻微的。Ellis^[5]区别了整体性错误(global errors)和局部性错误(local errors)。整体性错误的句子难以理解,句子的基本结构都是错误的,如“He is in the center smile.”局部性错误影响句子的某个成分,不影响句子的理解,如:many a students will take part in the party。Ellis认为整体性错误比局部错误更严重,它影响了句子意义的理解和思想的交流,导致交际渠道不畅通,因此有必要对错误进行评价,对学生所犯严重错误进行指正。

三、错误纠正原则和对策

错误纠正历来是错误分析的核心问题。行为主义理论认为错误必须全部加以纠正。然而,对错误全部纠正的缺点显而易见。过度纠正错误会伤害学生的自尊心,导致学生因为害怕出错而不敢说英语,丧失学习的信心。而以认知心理学原理为基础的交际法则认为错误纠正会造成学生的紧张情绪使交际无法进行,反对错误纠正。他们还认为错误是语言输出中的自然现象,会在交际活动中逐渐消失。然而研究表明如果学习者的错误没有得到及时地纠正就会变得顽固,导致先前的错误难以得到纠正,形成所谓的语言僵化现象。

基于此,目前应用语言学界开始普遍认为错误应该得到纠正,但不是全部纠正^[6]。他们主张对部分错误可以容忍,另一些则必须加以纠正,即所谓的选择性纠正。当学生进行交际时,不应该用错误纠正的方法打断学生,而应该让其先完成交际活动。对于书面错误,则可以当场纠正。有的研究认为,整体性的错误应该得到及时纠正,而局部性的错误可以置之不理。有的学者认为应该以可理解性作为衡量尺度。本文作者认为关于什么样的错误应该加以纠正,应根据教学进程和学生的实际情况进行综合分析。

四、对一篇学生作文进行的错误分析

根据上文所讨论的错误分析步骤和纠错原则,对一篇大英作文进行错误分析和纠正。

When I was studying English in my college last term. Shi my English teacher arranged for all of us to make a pen pal (1). My pen pal was Mr. George, who was a middle-aged American. When I first saw him, I thought he was as old as me. Because he looked so young(2). We had the same hobbies like playing basketball and guitar. Sometimes he sang English songs for me with soft music. The favorite song that we all liked was“Right Here Waiting”(3). He had no much hairs (4), so I often made fun of him. But he never got angry, smiling with me. He had a kind heart. Whenever I consulted him questions, he explained for me carefully (5). Time pasts quickly (6). Now he has been in New York for half a year, I miss him very much, whenever I look at his picture, I will remind the words he give me(7),“Whatever you do, wherever you do, I will always be with you”^{[8]本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。}