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本文还根据关联原则，在演绎推理的基础上对英语语调的使用和理解进行了研究分析。作者认为英语语调的使用指示了话语与语境之间的关系。在交际过程中，说话者的话语总是有着可靠的关联假设，说话者使用英语语调来指示关联假设，制约了听话者对语境假设的选择。
Chapter One Introduction
A brief introduction to this study is supplied in this chapter,which presents the background and the significance of the study.At the same time,a structure of this study is presented in this chapter.Further studies will be made in the following chapters.
1.1 The Background of the Study
In the linguistic research,the intonation has been studied at three levels:the physical, the perceptual and the functional.The physical level of the study is to analyze the intonation at the concrete and acoustic level,where the intonation is seen as a succession of fundamental frequency curves in time.The perceptual level of the study is to analyze the intonation from a phonetic point of view,where the intonation is viewed as a succession of perceivable pitch‘events’.The functional level of the study is to analyze the intonation from the pragmatic view.These levels are applied in the analysis of the linguist as follows.
At the beginning,many traditional phoneticians or linguists make the analysis of the intonation from the perspectives of phonetics,the grammar,the syntax and semantics.For instance,Palmer(1962)provided these terms:the‘nucleus’,the‘tail’and the‘head’.And also he held that the nucleus expressed the most dominant syllable as well as the starting point of the‘nucleus tone’;the‘tail’was the reference used to describe the stretch following the nucleus,while the‘head’referred to the stretch in front of the nucleus.Chen Wenda(1983)analyzed the structure of the English intonation.He held that the intonation was divided into four patterns which were the falling tone,the rise-fall,the fall-rise and the rising tone.These researches make a most important contribution to the accentual patterning of English but they do not analyze the English intonation in the cognitive context.
Then,according to the development of the linguistic research,the linguistic field starts to investigate the English intonation from the perspective of pragmatics.Halliday’s (1986)study of the English intonation displayed his original idea of the information unit and presented a new distinction in the interpretation of discourse phenomena.He Ziran and Ran Yongping(2001)generalized the pragmatic research of the English intonation.In terms of their opinions,the intonation was analyzed with the conversational implicature theory,the context theory and the speech act theory.These researches analyze the function of the English intonation in the cognitive context.During the recent years,linguists have emphasized the study of the tonality and the tone of the English intonation from the perspective of the relevance.The context has been fully considered.For example,Deirdre Wilson and Tim Wharton(2007)held that a speaker’s intonation might create an impression of the boredom or the impatience without being aware of it.Lu Guojun and Gao Youping(2008),in their researches,pointed out that the system of the tonicity and the tone should be confirmed by the relevance.

Bibliography
Alexander Melville Bell,Phonetics.The Modern Language Association of America Press,1980.
Armstrong,L.E and Ward,I.C.Handbook of English Intonation.Cambridge: https://www.51lunwen.org/sampleenglishpaper/ W.Heffer&Sons,1926.
Austin,J.L.How to Do Things With Words.Oxford:Clarendon Press,1962.
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