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nowledgesteadily. The composition structure of many students' writing is not using or abusingof cohesion，and it is a great jumping discourse. The whole article can not form acoherent one. This is because the students lack discourse integration organizationability. Numan thinks that in English writing teaching, the solution of text cohesionand coherence relations are very important，which relates to students' ability of usingcohesive devices for constructing discourse.
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Chapter Two Literature Review

2.1 Discourse and Discourse Analysis Theory
Discourse is a language use unit, and a semantic iinit(Halliday, 1994: xvii). It canbe long or short，but can also be small in oral (spoken) form. It can take the form ofwritten as well. It is to use the language unit and is a kind of communicative activities.Discourse is the basic unit of language. Since it is hard to define, different linguistshave different ideas (Hu Shuzhong,2005). There are several definitions of it.Discourse is pieces of natural language under a certain context. It is partlyindependently of grammar constraint and is one linguistic branch, which coordinateslexicon, phonology, syntax and semantics (Hu Zhuanglin,1994). It is a whole sentencegroup formed by some interrelated sentences(Zhang Delum,1993). According toBeuagrande, it is an actual system. Language is virtual system and it is acommunication occurrence (Cheng Qilong，1998). It is the examples of using language,i.e. language has been produced as the result of an act of communication (Richards etal，1998). Fillmore ( 1985 ) states that discourse is a whole product of humanlinguistic capacity. It means a serious speech, a piece of writing and a seriousconversation (Huang Guowen and Ghadessy Mohsen,2006;35).It is generally used torefer to language in use，or the spoken and written product of communication (LinWei,YangYuchen, 2007:8-9). According to DingYanren and Hauck(2001:296)，it isconnected with spoken and written language strictly, which is collected together sothat it forms a cohesive, meaningful and completed discourse. XuLi(2004) states thatit is not only a unit of language above sentence but also the language in using. HuShuzhong (2005) says it is as the product of communication, which conforms togrammar, coherence on semantics, pragmatics and linguistic coherence, and aneffective and basic unit of communication.
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2.2 Previous Research of Cohesion and Coherence Theory
Since Hasan first proposed the concept of cohesion, many linguists show theirinterest in researching it. They are mainly based on the purpose of trying to find aplanning mechanism (texture), which can make the sentences be coherence indiscourse effectively. Cohesion is such a mechanism and it will be able to have effecton discourse context, both internal and external closely. It can distribute the cohesivedevices in the text (cohesive ties) and constitute the two points of each cohesive tiethrough phrase or sentence.On the study of discourse，cohesion cannot have meaning and effect withoutcoherence. For in discourse research, many scholars have made many attempts to therelationship between the two. By reading various literatures, we find the followingthree different points of view. The first argues that cohesion in discourse does not playa major role and it is the illocutionary force that decides discourse cohe本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。