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are in a condition of everlasting struggle. Thus, the one in the middle can be driven to the edge, and the edge also can occupy the middle (Xie, 2003, p.60). In the book Papers in Historical Poetics, there are two papers that are related to translation. The most influential and controversial one is “T he Position of Literatu re in Literary Polysystem”, which addresses three hypothesis of polysystem: Though his theory gains fully attention in we stern literary field, it is not widely accepted in China until the late 1990 s. Scholars in Hong Kong firs t begin their study on “Polysystem Theory”, for example, Zhang Nanfeng, a professor in Lingnan University. In his book Polysystem Studies of Translation: Theory, Practice and Response, Zhang Nanfeng (2012) expounds Polysystem Theory system atically and comprehensively and responds to som e critical opinions about the theory . Those critical opinions will be mentioned in 2.1.2.
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2.2Translator’s Bifurcated Cultural Attitudes in the Process of Translation
The selection of the source text is the first step in the translation process. Some scholars deem that the selection of the s ource text mainly depends on the mainstream ideology of the tar get language culture. On ly when the source texts confor m to the ideology of the target language culture, translated works can be accepted in the target language country (Wang, 2014, p. 23). From the macro aspects, ideology exerts a huge influence on the selection of the source text. But in real translation p ractice, the translatorhimself, as the subject of the translation, is an important factor in the selection of the s ource text and thus can’t be ignored as well (Wang, 2014, p. 23). The influence of the translator’s cultural attitudes on translation strategy is one of the hot topics in the field of translation stu dy. It is ar gued that the trans lators’ cultural attitudes decide whether they employ the domestication principle or foreignization principle in their translation. Since domestication and foreignization are both relative notions, thus there is no abso lute foreignization or domestication in real translation practice. So, the bifurcated cultural attitudes provide a new angle to better understand the coexistence of foreignization and domestication (Wang, 2014, p. 23).
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Chapter 3 Analysis of Howard Goldbaltt’s Bifurcated Cultural .....12
3.1 Introduction to Xiao Hong and Hulan He Zhuan......12
3.2 Introduction to Howard Goldblatt and Tales of Hulan River..........14
3.3 Factors Influencing Howard Goldblatt’s Bifurcated Cultural Attitudes......16
3.4 Representation of Howard Goldblatt’s Bifurcated Cultural Attitudes ..........23
Chapter 4Enlightenment of Howard Goldblatt’s Bifurcated Cultural....41
4.1 Influences of Howard Goldblatt’ s Bifurcated Cultural Attitudes on Translation Strategies........41
4.2 Influences of Howard Goldblatt’ s Bifurcated Cultural Attitudes on the Translated Literature.........45
4.3 Contributionsof Howard Goldbla tt’s Bifurcated Cul