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bsp;put  forward  the  concept  of  meta-cognition,  which enriched  the  theoretical  research  and  training  instruction  of  learning  strategy.  In  the book Development of Cognition, he defined meta-cognition as “the personal cognitive procedures, results and other related information with regard to themselves” or “active monitoring  and  continuous  adjustment  and  coordination  on  cognitive  procedures  for one  specific  target  or  task”(Flavell,1976:232).  In  the  year  of  1981,  he  shortens  his words  in  brief  to  define  this  term  to  “knowledge  and  cognition  about  cognitive phenomena”(Flavell  1981,  cited  in  J.D.Day  &  J.G.Borkowski  1987:3-18).  That  is, meta-cognition  can  be  defined  as  the  self-consciousness  and  self-control  of  one’s emotions and their cognitive activities. Except  for  Flavell,  a  lot  of  researchers  have  enriched  the  definition  of meta-cognition  from  their  own  research  perspectives.  For  example,  Hofstadter(1979, cited  in  S.J.Ceci  1986:130-157)  thinks  meta-cognition  as  the  cognitive  processing project that jumps out of a system with the purpose to observe it. In Kluwe’s opinion, meta-cognition  is  a  specific  cognitive  activities  as  follows:  “a)  the  thinking  subject has some knowledge about his own thinking, and that of other persons; b) the thinking subject may monitor and regulate the course of his own thinking”(Kluwe,1982: 202). Brown  and  Bransford(1983)  believe  that  meta-cognition  is  any  knowledge  of cognitive  process  and  effects,  and  also  any  cognitive  activity  that  adjusts  cognition. Wichok(1991) regards it as the will and controlling of cognitive process. 
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2.2 Learner Autonomy 
Learner  autonomy  is  an  important  learner-centered  approach  to  language teaching(Tudor,1996).  With  the  shift  of  focus  from  teachers’  teaching  to  learners’ learning  on  their  own,  LA  has  been  widely  accepted  as  an  educational  target.  More and  more  educators  have  become  realized  the  importance  of  improving  learners’ autonomous learning ability in language learning. In this section, issues related to LA are explored such as the terms and definitions that different scholars both abroad and at home give and basic characteristics that university autonomous learners possess. The  concept  of  “autonomous  learning”  was  originated  in  the  1950s  when discussions  on  lifelong  education  became  very  popular.  And  the  concept &nb本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。