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摘要：《红楼梦》是中国古典文学的瑰宝，它已经被翻译成多国文字。迄今为止，  《红楼梦》的英译本中最有影响的两个全译本是产生于上世纪七十年代，由杨宪益、戴乃迭夫妇合译的A Dream of Red Mansi ons和大卫•霍克斯与约翰•阂福德翻译的The Story of tire Stone。此后出现了众多对这两个译本孰优孰劣的评论和比较。本文从译者主体性的角度出发，对比两个译本的差异，并试图分析和探讨造成两个译本差异的背后原因。
     译者作为翻译的主体，在翻译理论界长期遭到忽视。上世纪七十年代起，翻译理论界出现了翻译研究的“文化转向”，这一研究新方向极大地开拓了翻译研究的视野，从而使翻译主体的研究也得到了应有的重视。受此影响，我们认为文学翻译批评的研究也不应局促于单纯比较译文的优劣或是对译本的错误纠正，而是应该将重点深入到更为广阔的社会和文化背景中，强调翻译主体的能动作用，探讨在不同社会文化、翻译背景下译者的主体性及其在文学翻译中的应用和对翻译过程的影响。
     本文首先对传统翻译观进行理论回顾，提出传统翻译理论对译者的态度和对译者地位的忽视。然后简单介绍翻译研究的“文化转向”，以及在这种转向的影响下翻译界对译者的地位以及译者主体性的认识。译者的主观能动性在翻译过程中起着举足轻重的作用。它可以体现在很多方面，如译者的翻译观念及文化立场、翻译的目的、译者的意识形态和审美情趣等，这些都将影响译者采取怎样的翻译策略。
     本文通过对比杨译本和霍译本对书名、人物的姓名、书中大量文化词的不同翻译以及对序言、附录、注释等的不同处理，分析了它们的不同之处:杨译本更忠实于原文，注重译文的忠实性和充分性，翻译方法以直译为主，在翻译策略上倾向于异化;霍译本侧重于译本的可接受性，更关注其艺术性和娱乐性，翻译方法以意译为主，在翻译策略上倾向于归化。接着本文详细分析了两译本的译者各自的文化立场、翻译目的及意向读者、赞助人、以及译本所处的历史和政治背景，探讨造成两译本差异的原因。
       通过对《红楼梦》两个英译本的比较分析，我们认为译本的差异和译者翻译策略的不同在很大程度上是由于译者的不同，是受译者主体性的影响。我们期望文学翻译批评不再局限于争论哪个译本更好或者是探寻译本的误译和错译，而是从更广阔的历史、社会和文化的背景来分析，重视译者的主体性，深化译者主体性研究这一新的课题，从而推动我国文学翻译事业的进一步发展。
Abstract：The Chinese literary classic Hongloumeng, an encyclopedia of Chinese culture,has been translated into foreign languages and there are nine English translations. Twomost influential English translations are A Dream of Red Mansions translated by YangHsien-yi and his wife Gladys Yang and The Story of the Stone, by David Hawkes andJohn Minford. This thesis is a case study of these two English translations, intended tocompare the two translations and explore the reasons for the differences from theperspective of the translator's subjectivity.
     As the most important subject in translation, the translator has long been ignoredin translation history. However, the "cultural turn" since the 1970's in the West haswidened the scope of translation studies and has highlighted the translator as theleading role in the process of translation. Literary translation criticism thus has alsoshifted its focus to the translator's reasons for choosing his/her translation strategiesby putting the translator in a wider historical, social and cultural background.
     The literature review introduces the change of the translator's status intranslation history and the studies of the translator's significance after the "culturalturn". Chapter Two discusses the translator's subjectivity, which is manifested in thewhole process of his/her translation, from his/her choice of the original text to his/heradaptation of translation strategies. Chapter Three compares the differences betweenthe two English versions of Hongloumeng in various aspects, including the translationof the title, the characters' names, the cultural words, and the dealing withintroductory words, appendices and notes. We find that theYangs' version is morefaithful to the original, which favors literal translation and adopts a foreignizingstrategy; while Hawkes' version is more interesting and entertaining, which prefersfree translation and adopts a domesticating strategy. Chapter Four then explores thetranslators' different cultural standpoints, their translation purposes and intendedreaderships, and different historical and social environments in which they translatedHongloumeng, with the intention of giving the explanation for the differencesbetween the two translations.
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