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论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:硕士毕业论文 thesis登出时间:2013-02-27编辑:hynh1021点击率:7132
论文字数:23900论文编号:org201302271656396608语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:$ 66
摘要:随着语用学的不断发展,在语言学研究领域中话语标记语的研究已逐渐成为发展最快的,学者们倾向于在语用功能领域中研究话语标记语的语用功能。
1.2 Discourse Markers Studies Abroad国外研究的话语标记语
Levinson referred to this kind of words in his book Pragmatics, consideringdiscourse markers as a class worthy of study on its own merits, although he did notgive it a name. He stated that in English, there is a great number of words and Englishexpressions could indicate certain relationships between an utterance and its priordiscourse. And some of these words have utterance-initial usages, such as well, so,however, therefore, but, after all, in conclusion and so on. In general, he conceded thatthese words indicate more than one component of meaning in a complex ways.Although Levinson did not investigate discourse markers further, his brief commentscontribute a lot to the study of discourse markers.Zwicky was interested in discourse markers, he regards them as a class when hewrote:With the great collection of things that have been labeled “particles”, generally wediscover no more than one grammatically remarkable class of items, in English and inlanguages. These words, the researchers call them ‘interjections’ and ‘discourseparticles’; but here I will give them a name ‘discourse markers’…due to its prosody,meanings and distributions. We can see discourse markers can form a class. But unlikethe ‘particles’ discussed…they are independent words other than critics…(Zwicky, 1985:303)According to Zwicky, discourse markers establish a specific class, hedemonstrates that discourse markers should be distinguished from other functionwords. They have special features, frequently occur at the beginning of a sentence,could continue a conversation, and they are independent rhythm, being both accentedand prosodically separated from their context by pauses, intonation breaks, or both.He claimed that they are syntactically different from the rest of the sentence in whichthey occur and form no sort of unit with adjacent words. And they are alwaysmonomorphemic and also be morphologically complex. And in 1985 he presentedclearly to us that discourse markers have pragmatic functions rather than semanticfunctions.The first and most detailed work about discourse markers is Discourse Markerswritten by Schiffrin (1987). She defines them “discourse markers” and gives moredetailed analysis of the expressions “and, because, so, but, I mean, now, oh, so, then”and so on as they occur in unstructured interview conversations. What expressionscan be used as markers? She finds a way to answer this question is “to begin byfocusing on units of discourse, such an approach would first segment the ongoingflow of interaction into a series of identifiable chunk of activity.” And she suggeststhe second approach we should try to find common characteristics of these items todelimit what linguistic conditions allow an expression to be used as a marker… thereare no functional equivalents, although some markers are used in the same broadlydefined discourse slots, they are acting different kinds of work.It would require analysis across a wide body of typologically diverse languages todiscover what other linguistic resources are drawn upon for use as markers which allowspeakers to construct and integrate multiple planes and dimensions o本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。