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 34
3.2.1.1 Faithfulness at the Lexical Level........ 35
3.2.1.2 Faithfulness at the Syntactical Level........ 37
3.2.1.3 Faithfulness at the Textual Level........ 38
3.2.2 Smoothness of Taiget Language ........39
3.2.2.1 Smoothness at (he Syntactic Level........ 39
3.2.2.2 Smoothness at the Textual Level ........41
3.3 Techniques Proposed in the Trmislatkm of EST Texts........ 43
3.3.1 Techniques at the Lcxicai Level ........    44
3.3.2 Techniques at the Syntactical Level........ 47
3.3.2.1 Division and Combination........ 47
3.3.2.2 Restructuring ........48
3.3.2.3 Using Passive Voice........ 49
3.3.3 Techniques at the Textual Level........ 50

Chapter Three Application of Newmark's Theoriesin EST Translation

3.1 Application of Peter Newmark's Theories
As Newmark mentioned that "communicative translation attempts to produce onits readers an effect as close as possible to that obtained on the readers of theoriginal.，，(Newmark, 2001:39)，in the process of EST translation the translator shouldpay much attention to the effect on both readers of the original text and readers of thetranslated version. From the perspective of Newmark's theories, certain appropriateprinciples, such as faithfulness and smoothness, and corresponding translationtechniques on lexical, syntactic and textual levels need to be discussed and providedfor EST translation.Peter Newmark holds that different texts can be classified into expressive,informative and vocative in terms of the main purposes of language uses. (Newmark,2001: 39). And different types of texts require different translation principles andtechniques. “The core of the informative function of language is the facts of a topicand the reality outside language, including important ideas or theories. Informativetexts are those concerned with any topic of knowledge and are often standard, such astext books，technical or scientific reports and theses.(Newmark, 1988:40) Here aresome examples guided by semantic translation and communicative translation:Example 1: If any person over the age of 16 years who has the custody，charge orcare of any child or young person under that age willfully assaults.

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Conclusion

In the era of information and technology, English for Science and Technology(EST) is of great significance for multilateral communication，especially for foreigntrade. The quality of EST translation plays a vital role in information exchange.Therefore, it is translators' responsibility to further discuss more practical andeffective techniques for EST translation, although perfect EST translation is hard toachieve. Based on the research, some major findings and suggestions for further studyare summarized as follows.This thesis reviews previous research on EST translation and introduces relevanttheoretical studies in chapter one. By applying Peter Newmark's translation theories,mainly Semantic Translation and Communicative Translation, the author analyzes thetext typology of EST and briefly describes main features of EST texts in chapter two.In chapter three, based on the former study, the author d本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。