英语论文网

by being protective of their markets using tariffs and providing generous support for producers, at levels which developing countries could hardly match.

 

The aim of the world trade organization at least as stated is the promotion of free trade and the stimulation of economic growth. However according to some in the economic circles it has been argued that free trade does not guarantee economic prosperity. In fact it promotes duality, that is, the rich becoming richer and the poor becoming poorer.

 

'Benefits of eliminating global trade barriers on developing countries; Importance of reducing global poverty; Average manufacturing tariff rates applied by developing countries' (Cline, William R).

 

The Doha Round needs to be completed for two key reasons. The first is to implement the tariff and subsidy reforms embedded in the draft texts developed to date and pocket the gains already substantially agreed to. The second is to ensure the viability of the rules-based multilateral trading system. If multilateral solutions are put on hold, national governments pressed by their domestic constituencies? will look elsewhere to resolve trade and investment problems, either through unilateral measures or through bilateral and regional trade pacts. Failure in the Doha Round would cause irreparable harm to the WTO's credibility as a negotiating forum, which would, over time, undermine its valuable dispute settlement mechanism.

 

Who benefits from Doha Round? & economic benefits

 

All countries participating in the negotiations believe that there is some economic benefit in adopting the agreement; however, there is considerable disagreement of how much benefit the agreement would actually produce. A study by the University of Michigan found that if all trade barriers in agriculture, services, and manufactures were reduced by 33% as a result of the Doha Development Agenda, there would be an increase in global welfare of $574.0 billion. A 2008 study by World Bank Lead Economist Kym Anderson found that global income could increase by more than $3000 billion per year, $2500 billion of which would go to the developing world. Others had been predicting more modest outcomes, eg, world net welfare gains ranging from $84 billion to $287 billion by the year 2015. Pascal Lamy has conservatively estimated that the deal with bring an increase of $130 billion.

 

To shed light on the debate concerning the benefits from Doha, we first estimate the potential gains from the liberalization in agriculture and NAMA resulting from the specific terms of modalities in papers drafted by the chairs of the Doha negotiating groups. We calculate the gains from formula cuts in trade barriers using three metrics:

 

Reciprocity measure: This metric calculates the change in revenue f本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。