英语论文网

teaching in order to increase the quality of education,help students acquireknowledgeable skills while promoting the development of core literacy.Finally,advice on English reading is provided to junior high school students,not only to helpthem get good grades in the reading test,but also to develop the ability of lifelonglearning.

Chapter TwoLiterature Review

2.1 Core Concepts

2.1.1 Validity

Validity is a fundamental consideration in the development and evaluation oflanguage tests(AERA et al.2014:13).Oller(1979)believes that validity is a factor thatmust be considered in the process of testing.Validity is originally a concept ofeducation and psychometric.After it is used in the field of language testing,differentscholars have given different definitions based on various validity attributes.At thesame time,with the continuous development of language testing theory,the validityverification models constructed by different scholars are also different.The authorwill describe the development of validity definition and validity verificationframework.

Kelley(1927:14)early put forward the concept of“validity”,that is,whether atest measures the ability to be tested.This definition clearly indicates what the basicproperties of validity are.Since then,with the continuous development of validityattributes,validity theories have become more and more abundant.Based on theoperational definition of validity,Bingham(1937:3)believed that“the validity of atest is the correlation coefficient between the score of a test and the results measured by other objective methods”.However,Cureton(195:623)pointed out more clearlythat validity is the degree of correlation between actual test scores and standard scores.Before 1950s,this period was called the period of“single validity view”by scholars,during which a new understanding of the importance of validity was obtained.However,scholars generally associated validity with relevance,and their view that“relevance is validity”was largely lacking of a certain scientific nature.With thepublication of Language Testing written by Lado(1961),the validity theory ofLanguage Testing has also entered a new period,and Language Testing is moreregarded as the foundational work of modern Language Testing.Influenced by Lado,later scholars,The validity was refined into different types(as shown in Table 2.1).Before 1980s,the validity view of Lado et al.was collectively referred to as“categorical validity view”.In this period,a test is considered to contain multiplevalidity,and the process of validity verification is the process of inferring andexplaining test scores,and the analysis of test results is not paid attention to.

2.2 Theoretical Basis

2.2.1 Bachman&Palmer’s Test Task Characteristics Model

Based on the differences between the test task and the language use task,Bachman and Palmer proposed the Test Task Characteristics Model in 1996.Bachman and Palmer(1996)believed that language use task refers to people’s use oflanguage in order to achieve certain goals,and use it in real life.The differencebetween them is test task,which refers to the task that the subject should complete inthe test.In order to ensure the authenticity and validity of the language test task,thecharacteristics of the test sample should be consistent with the language usagecharacteristics 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。