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p> Ibsen,a Norwegian dramatist,is one of the representatives of realistic literature inEurope at the end of the 19th century and the founder of modern European drama.The NewCulture Movement and the May Fourth Movement accepted Ibsen as a symbol of newthoughts such as literary revolution,women’s liberation and resistance to traditional thoughts.In terms of drama,Ibsen’s influence on the May Fourth drama surpassed that of any foreignwriter.Playwrights in China took his“social problem drama”as a model and producedmodern Chinese drama.

Chapter 2 Theoretical Framework

2.1 The Definition of Translation Norms

The term“norm”originally belongs to the category of sociology.Dictionaries,onlineencyclopedias and scholars have defined this term from different perspectives,depicting itsmultiple social functions.Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary(2010)defines“norm”as“standards of behavior that are typical of or accepted within a particular group or society”.InCambridge International Dictionary of English(2001),the definition of“norm”is anaccepted standard or a way of behaving or doing things that most people agree with.Webster’s New World College Dictionary(2004)defines the term in more detail:“A standard,model,or pattern for a group;esp.,a)such a standard of achievement as represented by themedian or average achievement of a large group/b)a standard of conduct that should or mustbe followed/c)a way of behaving typical of a certain group.”

Since 1960s-1970s,scholars have applied the concept of“norm”to translation studies.According to Jiri Levy,translation is a decision making process,in which translators alwaysface many possibilities,and each choice will affect the subsequent choices.Later,AntonPopovic pointed out that besides subjective choice,translators were also constrained by twosets of norms:the source text and the target text,and translation was actually a choice activityunder the constraints of these two sets of norms.Gideon Toury drew on the views of Levyand Popovic.In his opinion,norm is a standard to distinguish whether social behavior isappropriate or not,and it is a kind of social and cultural acquisition.In translation,apart fromthe structural rules of language,we should focus on the choice of“non-obligatory”.

2.2 Target-Oriented Approach

While doing the descriptive study of Hebrew translation,Toury found that thesource-oriented model was slightly inappropriate.According to Toury,the translated textprovided the target readers with the standard information of the target language,while thetranslated text had a corresponding influence on the language and culture of the targetlanguage.Therefore,the relationship between translators and target readers was the focus oftranslation studies.From the perspective of target language culture,Toury thought that“thetarget language is the fact that contains the target language culture,and the translated work islimited by different social and literary factors.It has no fixed characteristics,so it becomestranslated text by relying on cultural forces.”(He Xinxin,2016)Therefore,Toury putforward the target-oriented and formed a research method that paid attention to therelationship between target language culture,target language cultural characteristics andtranslation.

In his target-oriented model,Toury laid stress on contextualization and proposed threepostulates to test the assumed translation.Wit本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。