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ip of persons seems a simple matter, but the terminologies of kinship that are used in various languages are extremely hard to analyze." Kinship term is a kind of address forms which can indicate and reflect kinship. It si the main symbol of marital relationship and family institution. Relative relationship exists widely in human society, and correspondently kinship terms, terms that mark this kind of relationship, become a common component of nearly all languages. Among all these languages, Chinese kinship term system is one of the richest and complicated ones all over the world. (Tian, 1998:34-35)

1.2.1.1 Kinship terms for Address Relatives
  Kinship is the main source of the most intimate relations in human society or among individuals. In our lives, as long as the kinship exists, there must be a "kin network". In China, in terms of family status and social status people should follow feudatorial ethics and morals to keep the orders of the clan and the whole society.
  According to different criteria, Chinese kinship terms can be divided into kinship terms for blood relatives and kinship terms for relatives by marriage; agnation kinship terms and matriline kinship terms; kinship terms of direct branch and kinship terms of collateral branch etc. Blood relatives refer to those who have blood relations, for instance, 父母、祖父母、兄弟姐妹. Relatives by marriage contain those who have relations due to the marriage, for example, 婶婶、姑父、舅妈、嫂子. Agnation refers to kin in paternal relation, and 祖父母、伯父母、堂兄弟are of this kind. Matriline means the kin in maternal clan, for example, 祖父母、姨父母. Direct branch refers to individuals having direct blood relations, for example, 父母、子女、孙子女. Collateral branch means relatives who have no extremely close kin relations, for instance, 堂兄弟姐妹.
  It is can be seen that Chinese kinship terms are quite complex and meticulous.   Relatively speaking, among these four series, agnation is the most important one because it contains the richest contents and is most complicated.

1.2.1.2 Kinship Terms for Address Non-Relatives
  Human beings are social animals. As a social man, one should have some attributes which exist in the social groups with various races, politics, economy, genders and ages. Besides, language is basically a product of a culture and a society; therefore we should try to understand it from the angles of culture and society. In China, people's social conducts are deeply influenced by the traditional culture. So addressers address addressees by using certain address forms, which can show ages, genders, occupations, social status, family roles, political status, education background and religions of addressees.
  Fictive kinship nomenclatures are special address forms using kinship term to address non-relatives properly in social occasions. This is a Chinese tradition and it reflects the cultural connotation of Han nationality.
  1. Direct use of kinship terms.
Example 1: 甲：爷爷，您请坐！
          乙：谢谢！
  The first speaker address the second one by using "爷爷" which means grandfather. Via this dialogue we can figure out that the first speaker wants to treat him as her own grandfather. In this situation, the second speaker will feel warm and comfortable. Similar address forms include 爷爷、奶奶、姐姐、弟弟、叔叔 etc.

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