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论文作者:bluesky论文属性:职称论文 Scholarship Papers登出时间:2013-03-10编辑:bluesky点击率:4013
论文字数:11994论文编号:org201303101220298260语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文
摘要:称谓语作为一个词或短语可以用来直接称呼对方,来传达说话者和被说话者之间的关系。称谓语不仅仅是一个语法单位,还应该是一个社会活动交往的语用单位。
1.1定义的称谓
可以定义称谓,也被称为称谓,地址或地址的形式,从不同的方面。整体而言,定义的地址形式通常包括三个重要观点(李琰,2000:14):通道,裁判和模式。通道是指说话或写作所指的人的地址形式是指模式下,直接或间接地。一个典型的定义的地址形式是注明的。(1990年):
1.1 Definition of Address Forms https://www.51lunwen.org/zglxslw/
Address Forms, also called address terms, terms of address or forms of address, can be defined from different aspects. On the whole, the definition of address forms usually covers three important perspectives (Li Yan, 2000:14): channel, referent and mode. Channel means speaking or writing; referent is the person an address forms refers to; mode, directly or indirectly. A typical definition of address forms is by Dunkling (1990):
地址的形式是一个数值上和态度上明显的标志符(一)功能作为一个粒子人称代词“你”,形成一个名义上的典范短语“你”;(B)组成的名字,或两者的组合(C)用于利益的扬声器,收件人或第三方听者都可任意或一定的语法,实用的,社会的,情感的,或外部强加的原因。
An address form is a numerically and attitudinally-marked designator which (a) functions as a particle to pronominal "you" to form a notionally paradigmatic phrasal "you"; (b) consists of names words, or a combination of both; (c) is used for the benefit of a speaker, addressee, or a third-party hearer either optionally or necessarily for grammatical, practical, social, emotional, or externally-imposed reasons. (Dunkling, 1990:22)
It is not difficult to find out that the definition of address forms covers following aspects: address forms are the words or phrases used for directly addressing people; they can be in the form of either writing or speech and indicate the relationship between the addresser and addressee. Address forms are not only a grammatical unit, but also a unit of social interaction and a pragmatic unit, so address forms should be defined both grammatically and pragmatically.
1.2 Classification of Address Forms
As to the classification of address forms, scholars have different methods, among which the most familiar one is that, address forms include face-to-face address forms and non-face-to-face address forms . He defines face-to-face address forms as appellative ones and non-face-to-face address forms. "爸爸" and "妈妈" are face-to-face address forms while "父亲" and "母亲" are non-face-to-face address forms. However, some address forms share the same face-to-face ones with the non-face-to-face ones. For instance, "叔叔" and "老师" are of this kind.
The methods of classification of address forms are diverse. In terms of the usage of different addressing terms, they can be divided into honorific, full name, general name, nickname, salutation and so on. However, this kind of classification is extremely complicated and difficult to cover all the addressing. So personally, I tend to choose the following way to classify the address terms. In terms of the word class, address forms can be divided into two major types: namely appellation nouns and appellation pronouns. Modern Chinese address forms mainly contain two types in terms of their usage: kinship terms and address forms with social functions. Concretely, kinship terms include those used to address relatives and those used to address non-relatives, and address forms with social functions fall into six categories: social address forms, relationship address forms, post and rank address forms, modest and respectful address forms, affectionate address forms and jocose names.
1.2.1 Kinship Terms
Bloomfield (1933:140) ever said," The kinsh本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。