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hed a year ago will therefore give a different year-on-year percentage change, but one which is incorrect and should not be used.
Scottish emissions reduction targets
Scotland has a number of targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
These can be summarised as follows:
Climate Change (Scotland) Act 2009
The Act creates a statutory framework for greenhouse gas emissions reductions in Scotland by setting an interim 42 per cent reduction target for 2020, with a power for this to be varied based on expert advice, and an 80 per cent reduction target for 2050. These reductions are based on a 1990 baseline (1995 for the F-Gases( 2)). It also requires the Scottish Ministers to set annual targets, in secondary legislation, for Scottish emissions from 2010-2050. The first set of targets, covering the period 2010-22, must be set by 1st June 2010.
National performance framework sustainability purpose targets
The long term target (2050) now equates to the target in the Climate Change (Scotland) Act 2009.
The Scottish Government has also set a short term target to reduce emissions by 2011 compared with a 2006 baseline.

Emissions Trading排放交易

In reporting emissions reductions against these targets, Scotland is able to take account of emissions trading through the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme ( EUETS). The Scheme has now entered Phase II, covering the five year period 2008-2012. Final results are now available for each year of Phase I, which covered the three year period 2005-2007.
The EUETS operates as a cap and trade scheme, which means that any installation within the Scheme in the EU is given an allocation of emissions allowances (a 'cap') each year. If the installation's actual emissions are above this initial allocation for the year in question, then the installation must either purchase allowances through the Scheme, or bring forward some allowances from the following year's allocation, so as to cover the deficit. Conversely, installations with a surplus of emissions compared with their cap are allowed to either sell allowances or carry them over into the following year's allocation, thus providing a financial incentive to reduce emissions. As there is a finite limit of allowances in the Scheme, any allowances purchased should come from installations which have reduced emissions.
Overall, in the second and third years of Phase I, Scotland was a net acquirer of allowances. This effectively means that installations in Scotland either purchased or brought forward more emissions allowances than they sold or carried over. Taking this into account within the context of Scotland's reported emissions will affect the results by reducing the level of emissions by the amount of EUETS allowances acquired in those two years. Conversely in the first year of Phase I, Scottish installations sold or carried over more emission allowances than they purchased or brought forward and taking this into account will affect the results by increasing the level of emissions.
It should be noted that at the end of Phase I, the UK Government sold a small number of unallocated allowances on the open market. Scotland's percentage share of these allowances was estimated as being equal to the number of allowances allocated to sites in Scotland in Phase I as a percentage of the number of allowances allocated to UK sites in Phase I. Since it would no本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。