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巴基斯坦的NFC奖

巴基斯坦是一个由四个省、联邦直辖部落地区、北部地区和伊斯兰堡首都特区组成的联邦。巴基斯坦是一个联盟，但它的政府是高度集中的，所以大部分的收入都收归中央，再通过国家财政委员会（NFC），各省奖励联邦政府和省政府之间垂直，然后横向之间重新分配。然后，各省再通过收入共享式由省财政委员会（PFC）框架重新分配资源给地方政府。收入共享标准一直是联邦和各省之间争论的焦点。这主要是因为联邦政府保持了收入的较大部分，而自己的省份留下更少的资源来进行他们自己的开发活动，这就是为什么他们面临的预算赤字非常频繁。此外，还有一点就是自主权和各省自己收税的能力，所以主要是他们必须依赖于通过NFC搬迁奖励而增加收入。占有份额少的省份得到联邦政府的收入不足以进行开发项目，这也是他们进入预算赤字非常频繁的原因。

Nfc Awards In Pakistan Economics Essay

Pakistan is a federation consisting of four provinces, federally administered tribal areas, northern areas and Islamabad Capital Territory. Pakistan is a federation but its government is highly centralized, so majority of the revenues are collected at the center and then re-distributed vertically between federal and provincial governments, and horizontally among provinces through National Finance Commission (NFC) awards. Then the provinces further re-distribute the resources to local governments through a revenue-sharing formula framed by Provincial Finance Commission (PFC). The criteria of revenue sharing has always been a bone of contention between the federation and the provinces. This is mainly because the federal government keeps a larger part of the revenues to themselves while provinces are left with fewer resources to carry on their development activities, that’s why they face budget deficits very frequently. Moreover, there is a little autonomy and capacity for provinces to collect taxes on their own, so mainly they have to rely on the revenues relocated to them by the Federal government through NFC awards. The share provinces get from the Federal government is not sufficient to carry on the development projects, which is the reason they get into budget deficits very frequently. For proper service and delivery there is need of a higher share for provinces in NFC awards.

POST-INDEPENDENCE REVENUE SHARING

Systematic Resources transfers among governments occurs at 4 levels. Firstly, from federal governments to provincial governments through National Finance Commission (NFC). Secondly, from provincial governments to local governments through Provincial Finance Commission (PFC). Thirdly, from federal to local, and lastly from local to local. In this report, I will focus mainly on systematic resource transfers from Federal to Provincial governments through National Finance Commission awards.

National Finance Commission is constituted under Article 160(1) of the 1973 constitution for the smooth and thoughtful revenue transfers between Federal and Provincial governments. Constitutionally, it is to be held every 5 years by the President of Pakistan to review the resource sharing mechanism for the equitable fiscal transfers between Central and Provincial governments. Certain taxes collected from provinces are added in the distribution pool an本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。