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小额信贷对小型企业经济的影响

摘要
这篇文章主要阐述小额信贷对坦桑尼亚中小型企业（SMEs）发展的影响。首先本文认为微小融资机构正以积极方式改变穷人的生活。中小型企业是微小融资机构的主要客户，它们借此增加收入和资金投入，进而扩大业务。从普瑞德坦桑尼亚有限公司和Akiba商业银行的个案分析来看，尽管有以上成就，但小额信贷仍需进一步观察，以查后效。小额贷款要想影响中小型企业的发展仍存在许多限制，例如偿还借款的宽限期、抵押物品等，而且微小融资机构的覆盖范围也成为了穷人获取其服务的限制因素。

小额信贷可以成为一项重要的减贫战略，对发展中国家来说尤为如此。由微小金融机构提供的服务可以缓解穷人的消费压力、使他们更好地进行危机管理、让他们逐步增加财产、发展小微企业、加强增加收入的能力，并享受生活质量提高的人生。

The Influence Of Microfinance To The Growth Of Small Enterprises Finance essay

摘要——Abstract
This Essay explains the Influence of Microfinance to the growth of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Tanzania. In essay one it was revealed that MFIs have changed the life of poor people in a positive way. SMEs who are major clients of MFis have increased their incomes, capital invested and therefore expansion of their businesses. Case study taken from PRIDE Tanzania Limited and Akiba Commercial Bank shows that Despite of these achievements it was further observed that there are many contraints for microfinance in Influencing the growth of SMEs like grace period for loan repayment, collateral and MFIs coverage have been limiting factors for poor people to access the MFI services.

Microfinance can be a critical element of an effective poverty reduction strategy especially for developing countries. The services provided by microfinance institutions can enable the poor to smoothen their consumption, manage their risks better, build their assets gradually, develop their micro enterprises, enhance their income earning capacity, and enjoy an improved quality of life.

1.0. Introduction

背景信息——Background Information
Due to the decline of the public sector, the role of Micro and Small Enterprise (MSEs) in promoting economic growth and development has been widely recognised Bagachwa (1994). In Tanzania, Micro and Small Enterprises contribute up to 32% of the GDP Chijoriga (1997).

The increased participation and contribution of SMEs has led to an increased need for financial services. Credit has been recognised as one of the tools for promoting the development of SMEsChijoriga (1997). Loans enable the SMEs to enjoy both benefits of economies of scale and those of new high-value technology Grande (1984).

Recognising the importance of financial services to SMEs, during 2000 the government of Tanzania developed the National Microfinance Policy in line with the overall financial reforms initiated in 1991 URT (2000). The policy aims at enabling low-income earners to access financial services. Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) have became alternative sources for financing SMEs in place of Formal Financial Institutions (FFIs), which regarded MSEs as too poor to save.

Despite the recognition of the dynamic role of credit to small enterprises, few business owners and the poor in rural Tanzania have access to, and benefit from, the available financial services. MFIs activities remain centred around urban areas. Operational performance demonstrates low loan payment rates and the capital structure reveals a high dependence on donor or government funding Chijoriga (2000).

1.1. Microfinance Institutions (MFIs)

Microfinance is the provision of a broad range of financial services such as deposits, loans, payment services, money transfer, and insurance