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.Plants were often used in a stylish yet minimalist manner.There are three main architectural features that are commonly found in both, urban and the formal gardens, namely: a colonnade( a row of evenly spaced coloumns), a portico (roofed colonnade that ran around a central courtyard or the building's exterior), and a peristyle (a large open courtyard within the center of a Roman house, surrounded by a portico) (Jennings, 2006). Roman gardens were often partitioned into smaller spaces using ornamental fences and balustrades.Bowl fountains were typical ornaments of a Roman garden.Sculptures played an important role as the designer could establish the garden's theme, through selective choice of the sculptures.For example, sculptures of ancient philosophers would bring out a sense of reflection,while figures of gods would establish a sacred theme.(Bowe, n.d.)

 

The Europeans look at nature as a supplementary because of which their pleasure garden was mostly governed by architecture and not organic nature.During the Renaissance period, the landscape architects aimed at dominating nature, changing it by technological and human power.The Chinese tend to see themselves as a part of nature.When managing nature, humans should follow the rule of nature (Tuan, 1996), which means that though the landscape garden will be man-made but it will look like you are in nature and not have the feel of an artificial environment while in it.The difference between the English gardens and Chinese landscape lied in extrinsic and intrinsic aspects.The Chinese landscape reflected on more than just nature, it represented the beauty of nature, the poetic and artistic situation from the connection between the natural scenery and human's emotion.While The English gardens focused on the broader stucture of the natural landscape, and the emotions that directly arise from natural elements but hardly ever symbolise landscape. (Pang, 2012)

 

Due to variations in the historical background and cultures, Western and Chinese landscapes have different aesthetic styles.Not only was the arrangement of the French formal garden symmetrical, precise and regular, but even the shrubs and flowers were pruned into squares! Needless to say, the west stressed on artificial and geometrical aesthetics.While the Chinese landscape stressed on natural aesthetics.Instead of symmetrical axes,wriggling streams and winding mountains were used (Pang, 2012).Efforts were made to amalgamate nature with artificial architecture.The Chinese mainly looked for something in nature that would be in sync with human being's mood and aesthetics.

 

As far as the type of material used in landscape architecture was concerned,Chinese mainly used wooden structures, but in west, stone was primarly used (Tuan,1972). When seen from a general view, usually the western landscape architecture are uncovered and open and can be viewed from the front direction.Whereas Chinese landscape architecture are closed and hidden and has to be overlooked from top down to get a glimpse of the entire outline.The Chinese attitude towards architecture is that new is good and is a reflection of Confucianism.While the we本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。