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以若干项组合出现,选择哪些项,要根据需要而定。引言的最后可以简介一下论文的篇章布局(the writing arrangement),帮助读者了解论文各部分的内容,有选择的阅读。下列例子除了缺少研究工作的背景情况外,涵盖了引言所应具有的其他内容。Introduction:In both international and internationals situations, theavailability of accurate, expressive and timely interpreta-tion of essential communications helps to create the oppor-tunity for social progress, understanding, and the ex-change of ideas and intentions among cultures. The effectof communications between international participants is di-rectly dependent on the quality of the interpretation pro-vided.The quality of interpreting has therefore been an im-portant topic under discussion among professionals. How-ever, systematic studies on the evaluation of interpretationeffects have seldom been seen as yet, especially, in thefield of interpreting in China. The author's endeavor in thispaper is to explore an approach to the assessment of inter-pretation effects, and a "CREDIT" model has been de-signed to facilitate the realization of the objectives.This paper consists of five sections. Section One be-gins by building a "CREDIT" model. All the elements inthe model are quantified and substantiated in Section Two.Seven methods of collecting the required "CREDIT" dataare also provided in Section Three and Four. Finally, inSection Five, suggesting for further work are proposedwith a view to improving the model.

 

四、正文的组织正文是文章的主体,是作者表达思想、阐述论点的重要部分。为避免所表达的思想与逻辑混乱不清,语篇发展的合理安排尤为重要。正文常用的语篇发展模式有以下几种:时间顺序(chronological order),按事件发生的时间顺序进行描述。空间顺序(spatial order),以事物的物理存在顺序为依据,从上到下、从左到右、从东到西、从里到外进行描述。分类模式(classification),将逻辑上有包含关系的一系列事物在一定基础上层层划分,使读者对这些相互关联的事物有一个全面的认识。下定义模式(defini-tion),这种模式适用于专业性较强的文章。通过给某物或某事下定义,能准确地指出其根本特性所在,使读者对定义对象有一个明确的认识。有时定义需要用细节、例子、分类、比较等手段来进行解释、阐明;列举模式(listing),将 主题句位于句首,随后通过列举大量具体细节,如事实描述、数据、例子等来证实主题句呈现的观点。因果关系(cause and effect),是指两个事物之间的关系,原因造成某种结果或结果由某些原因发展而来,使一种状态与其原因或产生的结果之间的关系尽可能合理化,最后得出的结论与收集的论据一致。比较和对比(comparison and con-trast),这种模式是写作中最常用的语篇模式,比较一下两首诗、简·奥斯汀两部作品中的女主人公等。比较显示事物间的相同点,对比则显示不同点,其目的是通过比较和对比,表达作者的某一观点。

比较和对比可按分项式(block-by-block)和分点式(point-by-point)进行,即先陈述一件事本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。