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single file through the crowd. “Some of them smiled and one actually winked” .
The 25th of February was the first day when killing started. Most of the factories, if not all of them were closed. The demonstrators had to step back when the police opened fire on some mob who was beating a police office. On Nevsky cavalry shot down about 9 people. But the demonstrators soon began to attack again, they were also trying to rescue those who were caught by the police, the police officers had nothing to struggle for except for their lives and they didn’t want to lose them, besides they had no leaders. They could also understand the desires of the demonstrators like “They want bread, peace with the Germans and freedom for the Yids,” .
On Sunday it became suddenly calm, and the tsar got the telegram telling that it was quiet in the city, but this certainly could not last for long. At one o’clock one could be able to see the same crowds of people running from Nevskiy to Mioka canal. The troops were shooting into the crowd, there were the students from Red Cross to provide help for the wounded people. This was the real start of the revolt.
2. In the book “The Russian Revolution of February 1917: The Question of Organization and Spontaneity”, by Dr. James D. White the readers are made familiar with the point of view of W. H. Chamberlain. He was one of the first to write a book about this Russian revolution and the book was published in 1935. He said that “the collapse of the tsarist regime in February 1917 was ‘one of the most leaderless, spontaneous, anonymous revolutions of all time.’ . Most historians agreed with his opinion about spontaneity. If to turn to the origins of the February revolution, we would need to observe two groups of people: the liberals and the underground revolutionary parties. These groups played really important role for the revolutionary events and for the results of the revolution. The Provisional Government was established by liberals and revolutionary groups originated the Petrograd Soviet. And before the Bolshevik government was formed in October 1917 – these two “branches” were to gain power.
It seems necessary to return back to the First World War in order to understand the background of the February revolution. Under the war the necessary conditions were created for changing the power of the tsar in Russia. By the beginning of the year 1917 the country was in rather difficult situation: “It had suffered enormous casualties; much of its territory was occupied by the armies of Germany and Austro-Hungary; millions of refugees had fled their homes; the economy was seriously disrupted and shortages of foodstuffs were becoming increasingly serious. Discontent, especially among the working population in the towns, was growing. This popular dissatisfaction was expressed in strikes and demonstrations, often led by members of the two main socialist parties, the Social Democrats and the Socialist Revolutionaries” . But till 1917 there were no revolts and everything was still. Both socialist parties were actually divided into two groups of people supporting the war and its opponents. The same happened in the Bolshevists and Mensheviks parties. There were pro- and anti-war fractions in these parties and actually the result in Petrograd was the consequences of the fact that anti-war sentiment among Bolsheviks in Petrograd predominated.
According to Chamberlain we are not aware of the names of the leaders of the Febr