英语论文网

2.1.1 The Definition of Classroom Environment

Classroom environment is a field that attracts a large number of researchers. However,different researchers hold different opinions about classroom environment which is acomplex concept with ambiguity. So far, there is no common definition of classroomenvironment. The following are several typical definitions:

Knirk, F. C. (1979), an American educator, points out that classroom environment is alearning place where consists of a variety of material elements of family and school. In hisopinion, classroom environment is a learning place composed of “school buildings,classrooms, libraries, laboratories, playgrounds, and the family learning study areas.”

Barry J. Fraser (1986), a famous Australia scholar who studies classroom environment,claims that classroom environment is the students’ or teachers’ perception of the class.Many Chinese researchers, such as Qu Zhiyong (2002), Sun Yunmei (2009a), ZhaoQinghong and Xu Jinfen (2012) and so on all carry out their researches on the basis ofFraser’s definition.

According to Logan, K. A., Crump, B. J., & Rennie, L. J. (2006), classroomenvironment is “the tone, ambience, culture or atmosphere of a classroom or school. Itevolves from the teacher-student and student-student relationships, and the types ofactivities, actions and interactions that are rewarded, encouraged and emphasized in theclassroom.”

.....................

2.2 The Theoretical Foundation

In this part, Lewin’s Field Theory, Murray’s Need-Press Theory and Moos’s HumanEnvironment Theory are illustrated respectively. Lewin’s Field Theory proposes thathuman’s behavior is shaped by the interaction of the individual and environment(psychological environment) from a psychological perspective. Murray’s Need-PressTheory, developed by Lewin’s Field Theory, is the primary theoretical basis of personalitypsychology. It emphasizes the influence of needs and press on people’s behavior more. Asfor Moos’s Human Environment Theory, as a further embodiment of the above theories,puts forward three dimensions (relationship dimension, personal development dimensionand the system maintenance and system change dimension) of human environment fromthe psychological perspective as well.

2.2.1 Lewin’s Field Theory

Lewin considers that scientific psychology must consider the overall situation, namelythe states of both people and environment (Qu, 2002). Here the environment does not referto geographical environment but the social-psychological environment (Sun, 2009). Hecreates a formula to describe the relationship: B=f (P, E). In formula, B, P and Erespectively represents Behaviour, People and Environment, and f is function, that is to say,behaviour is the function of people and environment and people’s behaviour is shaped bythe interaction of people and environment (Lewin, 1936). As the first researcher to explorethe relationship between people and environment (Tian, 1995), Lewin’s contribution lies inhis recognition of the function of the interaction between the environment and people topeople's behavior (Fraser, 1986). There’s no doubt that the classroom environment andstudent or teachers in it will decide students’ learning or teachers’ teaching behaviors basedon Lewin’s Field Theory. In present study, the main goal i本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。