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er all,this large amount of people are All of this are controlled by the Australia government and under the surveillance of the international organizations like the United Nations."We will decide who comes to this country and under what circumstances".John Winston Howard,The 25th Prime Minister of Australia announced on the election in 2001.It is said that the immigration is planned,selective and controlled,but the fact is that the population of Australia increased a great deal and the form of culture is multiplied in the procession of immigration.Take the religion for example as Jupp,James states in the essay, at the final ending of the White Australia policy between 1966 and 1972,"the major British Muslim sources,Pakistan and Bangladesh,have been very weakly represented and the majority from India until recently have been Christians"(Jupp,2006:699-710).The different beliefs became a part of the multiculturalism,and that also resulted in countless cultural conflicts as well as in other fields.Just as the author mentions in the essay about the terrorist problems which can be the final transformation from the immigrants to the multiculturalism that finally leads to the cultural diversity or disaccord. "Multiculturalism is part of the everyday currency of Australian life,where tolerance of cultural differences and respect and understanding in crosscultural contacts are promoted as ideal civic virtues,and migrants and their children are ideally integrated into an effectively harmonious society without alienating them by unreal assimilationist expectations"(Pearce,2003:235).However,the thing which is out of people's imagination is that,although facing the complicated issues,Australia society is steady on the whole to a certain extent.Basically speaking,only a small number of actual problems exist under the management of Australian government for the reason that many effective measures like immigration control to enhance supervision over everyone and the strengthening of society harmony through valid multiculturalism are carried out.
From another aspect,the multiculturalism policy of the Australian government has made a great influence on the immigration movement."In the period of 1977-1991,the previous Australian policies of assimilation or integration of immigrants into mainstream culture were set aside in favor of a policy of multiculturalism,one of the dimensions of which was support for maintenance of culture"(Abbasi-Shavazi;McDonald,2000:215-242).The immigrants faced a new situation when the polices of Australian government shifted.They had to adapt themselves to the new Australian fertility pattern which was intended to keep the mainstream culture of Australia itself and in the meanwhile not to abolish the previous culture totally.In the article Fertility and Multiculturalism:Immigrant Fertility in Australia,1977-1991 wrote by Abbasi-Shavazi,Mohammad Jalal and McDonald,Peter ,they analysis this question through credible and comprehensive investigations and statistics.They hold the opinion that the fertility pattern illustrates the essence of multiculturalism that the next generation of the immigrants can find it easier to stick to these mainstream values when they are facing with various kinds of values in Australian society without forget their own culture completely in the meantime.During 1977-1991,it is a period of transition accommodation process in Australian society. The government mana