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tems and levels (Nation,2001), which composed vocabulary knowledge. The vocabulary knowledge hasdifferent dimensions, and it can be classified into two ways. The vocabularyknowledge framework was formed by Nation (1990), that is, receptive vocabulary andproductive vocabulary. The so-called receptive words refer to the words that can berecognized when we see or hear them; on the other hand, productive words refer tothe words that can be used in our speaking or writing. From the other point of view,just as Anderson and Freebody put in another way (Read, 2000).Vocabulary can alsobe divided into depth of vocabulary and breadth of vocabulary, with the former testedfrom the point of qualitative way and the latter the point of quantitative way.
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2.2 Theoretical Foundation of Probability and Frequency

2.2.1 Probability and Frequency of Systematic Functional Linguistics
Systematic and Functional Linguistics is one major branch of linguistics in theworld nowadays. They have paid attention to linguistic system and hold the existenceof probability and frequency in authentic language.As Halliday (1985) said, the concept of system comes from Firth in the articlenamed Systemic Background. Firth, as the first person to use the term “system”, anddefined it in a large scale. In 1957, Firth pointed out that linguistic must be systemic.And, Firth (1950) regarded system as a kind of organized research method. Further,Firth (1964) made a more clear description of system than ever before, he said theform of language has ‘meaning’ in the level of grammar and lexis, and he thought thedetermination of ‘meaning’ depended on the relationship among all kinds of forms ingrammar system, which is nearly the same to the concept of value talked by Saussure(2001). Halliday is the firm supporter of Firth, and in 1956, he published an articlenamed Grammatical Categories in Modern Chinese, in which he used the term ofsystem’. He not only made a new explanation in the surface layer and in-depthstratification, but also studied the relationship between language system and socialculture; between system and structure; between system and text; between system andcomputer linguistics. Also, Halliday(1993) pointed out that “Firth’s concept of‘system’ is already modeled language as choice”.
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Chapter Three Research Methodology ........21
3.1 Research Questions ........21
3.2 Subjects ........21
3.3 Instruments .........22
3.3.1 English Writing ........22
3.3.2 Range .....23
3.3.3 SPSS 13.0.....24
3.4 Data Collection and Analysis .....24
Chapter Four Results and Discussion ....26
4.1 Non-English Majors’ Productive Vocabulary Breadth .........27
4.2 Differences in Productive Vocabulary Breadth among Three Groups .........41
4.3 The Influence of Productive Vocabulary Breadth on English Writing.........48
Chapter Five Conclusion .......54
5.1 Major Findings .........54
5.2 Pedagogical Implications......54
5.3 Limitations of the Study .......56
5.4 Suggestions for Further Research.....57

Chapter Four Results and Discussion

As the data show in the table above, we can easily see that 155 words of the 180total running words in the subjects’ writing texts are in the Baseword List One andthese 155 words make up 86.11% of the total running words in th本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。