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ABSTRACT: Nathaniel Hawthorne was a quite renowned American writer in the 19th Century, who is also the representative of American romanticism. His stories displayed a psychological insight into moral isolation and human emotion, therefore he was honored the writer of psychological romanticism. Nathaniel Hawthorne was a fairly productive writer; many of his works were very influential to the world, especially to the academy world. The Scarlet Letter is typically the works that created great influence in the world then and now. From the time it was published, people have begun to research on it. They make the research on different themes embodied in it: the author’s religious belief, the symbolism writing skill, the conflicts between nature and the people. However, on the loneliness aspect, it is quite few discussed and research. This paper mainly will discuss the loneliness in the novel, and probe into the loneliness contained in the four main characters, as well the loneliness displayed by the symbolism.

KEY WORDS: Loneliness Symbolism Nathaniel Hawthorne The Scarlet Letter

摘要：纳撒尼尔·霍桑是美国十九世纪杰出的作家，是美国浪漫主义小说创作的代表。他的小说以心理洞察力来探究人类的道德孤独与感情因素，因此被冠以“心理浪漫小说家”。霍桑是一位多产的作家，其多部作品耐人寻味，对世界产生了很大影响。《红字》是霍桑小说创作的代表，自其出版之日期就在美国乃至世界产生了很大的反响。在对霍桑及其作品的研究中，学者们多从小说中体现的多元主体，作者的宗教观念，作品创作中象征主义手法的使用等方面入手，然而对红字中孤独因素主题的研究并不多见。本论文主要研究《红字》中体现的多种孤独因素，谈谈小说中四大主人公的孤独感情，以及象征主义手法下孤独因素的独特体现。

关键词：孤独象征主义纳撒尼尔·霍桑《红字》

Introduction
Nathaniel Hawthorne was one of the most influential writers in the 19th century America, and as the prier of American romanticism, his works demonstrated new flavor to the academy world, and also the whole world, he was thus honored forever by the world. The Scarlet Letter as one of his representative works, since the publication of it, it has aroused the readers’ great interest, for the multi themes displayed in it , and the writer’s unique writing skill. Until now, people from all over the world have been making research on it., which showed the lasting reading value of the works.

1.1 Nathaniel Hawthorne
As one of the most influential romantic novelists in the 19th century America, Nathaniel Hawthorne’s works mainly describe the people’s mental attitude, thought contradiction and life tragedy under Calvinistic pressure by the cruel clericalism domination in the colonial period. He was born on July 4.1804 in Salem, Massachusetts. Salem, his hometown, has ever been the place where Puritanism forces was rampant and several generations of his ancestors are fanatic puritans, therefore, the rich Puritanism thought from his family has deep-rooted effect on Hawthorne. (常耀信，2002：243) During his study in Bowdin college, among his classmates were many of the important literary and political figures of the day, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, and future president Franklin Pierre. When in 1825 he graduated, Hawthorne returned to Salem and began his writing history.

Most of Hawthorne’s short novels draw the material from New England history or the reality, probe into peoples’ nature and density, and conveyed people’s evil and loneliness. He has on本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。