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Chapter 1 Literature Review

1.1 Theories and Empirical Studies Relevant to Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition Abroad
It has been held that for any learning noticing is a prerequisite, no matter itoccurs whether consciously or not (Gass, 1999). In terms of psycholinguistics,noticing has been regarded as the media between input and the operation of memorysystem. Noticing Hypothesis was first put forward by Schmidt, which believes that, inorder to gain L2 grammar acquisition, it is not necessary to learn metalinguistic rulesor principle, but it would be very important for learners to notice critical features inutterances. Noticing Hypothesis was also defined the attention for the form of thelanguage input. It consists of the following two facets: firstly, learners should noticethe important features of the target language intentionally to find out the maindifferences existed in the expression in target language as well as the otherexpressions that we don’t know how to express clearly. Secondly, learners shouldmake repeated practice and pay more attention to the language form in order to formlong- term memory. However, Schmidt argued that not all input are of the equalworthwhile, and only the noticed ones can then become available for intake and beingput into better use. Lots of evidences have shown that attention is required formemory and those who learned most were those who noticed most. In his noticing hypothesis, Schmidt also emphasizes the importance of attention or noticing for SLA,which is regarded as the heart of interaction hypothesis. Learners need to not onlyunderstand the input but also notice the features of the target system. It would becomeimpossible for students to learn a foreign language without conscious attention.Therefore, attention is the most necessary and sufficient condition for long- termmemory.
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1.2 Empirical Studies on Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition in China
Domestic scholars also have shown a keen interest in finding a way to solve theproblem that how words can be better acquired. They put great effort into the study ofincidental vocabulary acquisition, especially in reading. As many foreign researcheshave proved that reading plays an important role in facilitating incidental vocabularyacquisition, the majorities of Chinese researchers begin to focus their attention onincidental vocabulary acquisition in reading condition. Most of them are comments orsummaries as well as experimental researches of incidental vocabulary acquisition.Theoretical hypotheses of incidental vocabulary acquisition were first introducedby Xie Ying (2001), which mainly reviewed some researches both at home andaboard.Li Hong & Tian Qiuxiang (2005) made a summary of incidental vocabularyacquisition especially the second language incidental vocabulary acquisition.Zhou Hao (2007) paid his attention to the study of the background of incidentalvocabulary acquisition and relevant studies both in foreign countries and China.In the researches of incidental vocabulary acquisition, not only the summary hasbeen made by some researchers, but also the analysis.Huang Chunmei and Liu Zhen (2005) made an elaboration about the significanceof research on incidental vocabulary acquisition.Gai Shuhua (2003) carried an empirical study on incidental vocabularyacquisition of English majors and the result of the experiment shows that differentreading purpose affects the inci本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。