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On the other hand, Montazemi (1988) stated a positive relationship between levels of training and measures of the impact of IT. Where employees were dissatisfied with the levels of training available, he found their computer literacy, end-user satisfaction and appreciation of IT was lower than their better-trained counterparts Igbaria et al. (1997) also report training to be beneficial for small firms. Their study shows training to be positively associated with the perceived usefulness of IT and ease of use. On the basis of their findings, Igbaria et al. assert that individuals without adequate training are likely to experience problems using the system. Since they are struggling, they may actually believe that the system is too hard to use and that the performance benefits of usage are outweighed by the efforts of using it and eventually become reluctant to use the technology, thus defeating the purpose of introducing the new technology.

2.6.2缺少时间——2.6.2 Lack of Time

Niederman et al.(1991) and Galliers et al.(1994) state that surveys undertaken in large organizations have consistently shown information systems (IS) planning to be one of the top priorities of information systems and business managers for time management. However, Fidler et al.(1993) and Dou- kidis et al, (1994) report that current research suggests that small firms are failing to follow the example set by their larger counterparts and remain, in terms of modern management practice, in the dark ages. While it is acknowledged that the formal planning techniques of large organizations are not necessarily appropriate for small firms, research suggests that small organizations that have adopted more formal planning systems encounter fewer IS problems (Malone, 1985; Cragg, 1990).

In spite of such findings, Cragg and King (1993) report finding `few formal planning and control activities associated with the computer, or for that matter, with the business as a whole'. Where planning does take place it tends to be; undertaken on an ad hoc, problem basis; only an activity of the owner-manager; informal, sporadic and closed; and influenced heavily by advice from outside sources with less skills and experience than the owner-manager. As Doukidis et al. (1996) report, while IT is usually associated with a systematic approach to management and decision-making and its introduction requires careful planning, much small business management practice is based on short-term, informal, ad hoc lines.

Furthermore, McMahon (2001) study mentioned that it actually improves management in small businesses and frees up time by using a computerized record keeping system. However, John Breen and Nick Sciulli (2002) found that business operators are probable to have difficulties finding time to implement a CAS as they lack the time to look into and or implement a computer software package. For that reason, it may have a positive effect on the business overall and may facilitate to find the time to adopt CAS. Besides, Proudlock et al (1999) research observed that some businesses owners did not have enough time to find and buy particular accounting software that satisfy their business requirements, and they did not have time to set up the accounting software and to record t本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。