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The co-ordinator: a disciplined person who motivates the other members in achieving the team objectives.

The shaper: an expert in solving problems who enjoys challenges.

The plant: the most creative team member that provides innovative ideas.

The resource investigator, who has good contacts and brings useful information to the team.

The monitor evaluator sees and examines all the possible options and decides respectively.

The team worker is aware of the other members' needs.

The implementer converts ideas to feasible tasks.

The completer makes the deadlines and also makes sure they are not exceeded.

The specialist: he has many skills and knowledge in a specific sector only.

(Belbin, 1994, pp. 86-87, Torrington, Hall, Taylor, 2005, pp. 290-291)

团队发展——Team Development

Team members and their relationship change as time goes by, so do their tasks and targets. Hence, team development is essential to the function and effectiveness of the group. In 1965, the American psychologist Bruce Tuckman, proposed the ''Group Development Model''. It is the procedure of team development and consists of four stages:

Forming: At the beginning of the team formation, trust is being developed and there is confusion about the tasks and the relations between members. Communication is not well-established at this stage. Individuals spend their time in operating routine tasks. Furthermore, they have not developed independence. Finally, they make contact with their teammates and collect information about them, but they also remain focused on themselves.

Storming: At this stage, there are collisions among the team members and the lack of progress makes them irritated. The members propose different ideas and opinions. In addition to that, they suggest solutions for the problems that have occurred. Arguments about the task assignments rise and there may be disputation about the positions of power within the group.

Norming: The members of the team have managed to establish proper communication to each other and accept mutual procedures and ways of communication. The decisions are made through negotiation. The roles of the members are not disputed and the processes for problem solving have been established.

Performing: The team has decided how to function and can now concentrate its attention to the team's goals. Should the previous stages were successful; it should now be creative, effective and supportive. Their knowledge and motivation are at the highest level and they are able to work independently without the need of guidance. The team members work collaboratively and care about each other. Finally, the group identity has been established.

The team has finished its task, hence it has to disband. The individuals should reflect their time within the group and prepare themselves for their following assignments.

(Tuckman, 1965, cited by Buchanan and Huczynski 2004, pp. 304-306)

团队效能——Team Effectiveness

建立高效团队——Building Effective Teams

Successful team building is one of the keys to team success and it is determined by a number of criteria: Members should understand their assignments and team roles and 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。