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have a clear vision about the group's goals. The team's structure and results should be consistent with its tasks and goals. Trust and support, along with good communication are also of great importance. Furthermore, all members should participate in decision making and accept the decisions. Finally, leaders should be supportive recognise and handle each member's differences instead of just ignoring them. (Dyer, 1995, pp. 15-16)

团队的重要性——The Importance of Teamwork

Teamwork is one of the most important values of Western society. Teams help persons increase their performance and self-esteem and also achieve things they wouldn't be able to achieve individually. A high proportion of an organisation's work in all industries is performed in teams thus its performance is directly based in their effectiveness (Buchanan, Huczynski, 2004, p. 283).

According to the American psychologist Rensis Likert, organisations should be viewed as a composition of groups, not individuals. This view would increase the organisations' productivity and performance. Individuals receive satisfaction by participating in work groups. In order to achieve that, managers need to develop supportive relations within each work group, characterised by mutual respect. (Likert, 1961, cited by Buchanan, Huczynski, 2004, p. 291).

The importance of teamwork within organisations is reflected in the recruiting process: candidates who are valuated as good team players fulfil an essential criterion in getting appointed. On one hand, in many companies, the importance of teams is included in the policy statement and managers encourage their staff to work in groups. One the other hand, there are critics concerning the extent of group-management conflict. (Buchanan, Huczynski, 2004, p. 284). Additionally, in contemporary organisations projects tend to overcome the traditional functional structure, thus teams have become more useful than they were in the past. (Arnold, et. al., 2005, p.435)

Teams need to have members with different roles and skills. That way, they reduce the production and distribution time, while achieving lower costs without any downgrades in quality. Moreover, teams produce innovative ideas that would not come up if their members simply worked as individuals (Mohrman, 1995, cited by Buchanan, Huczynski, 2004, p. 287).

集团和个人的决策——Group and Individual Decision Making

In work organisations the majority of the important decisions and many secondary decisions are made by groups of people instead of individuals. This way, it is easier for group members to accept those decisions, because more people feel they have influenced the decision making through their participation in the group. However, this strategy in decision making requires more time and money and causes problems of communication and rivalry (Arnold, et. al., 2005, p.435). Individual decisions are usually based on rationality and each person's values and circumstances. Therefore, they are subjected and influenced by individual perception (Arnold, et. al., 2005, p.430).

团队合作的缺点——Disadvantages of Teamwork

Frequently, team members experience peer pressure: they are forced to change their behaviour, values, attitudes and adopt the norms of the team. They also feel that if they do not perform well, other team members will be obliged to do their own work. 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。