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团队由各个小组的成员组成的。人的目标是执行一项活动或一系列活动通过集体协作完成而不是一味地竞争。成员相互依赖以实现团队的目标。团队合作广泛应用于现代的工作环境中,但是它的根在1960年代。这是一个必要的工具,在当代组织目标的实现过程中。其效用是由不同的作者来强调工作的心理学和组织行为学。然而,有争论关于它们的有效性和现代技术实现团队的有效性。也有人怀疑团队组织工作的是一个很好的方式,尤其是当考虑到高成本的形成和功能。论文的主体包括团队如何工作,分析了团队类型和角色,以及团队发展阶段。这些类别包含团队成功和有效性的关键工具。最后,团队合作的重要性和缺点。

介绍——Introduction

团队的工作方式-输入-过程-输出模型

输入输出模型解释了输入小组的组成及任务直接或间接影响团队绩效通过团队过程,如领导力和沟通。

输入

投入到团队包括任务、团队成员和团队执行上下文,它分为组织环境和文化背景。

任务

任务影响团队绩效。每个任务的团队对团队的执行有影响性能的各种指标。 (Chmiel, Unsworth, West 2000, pp. 330-336, citing Kent and McGrath, 1969).

团队构成

良好的团队由不干扰他人的角色的成员组成,清楚的了解他们的角色 (Belbin, 1994, p. 21).

Teams are groups of people whose goal is to perform an activity or a number of activities by working together without competing. The members depend to each other to achieve the goals of the team. Teamwork is widely used in modern work environments, but it has its roots back in the 1960's. It is a necessary tool for the achievement of goals in contemporary organisations. Their usefulness is highlighted by various authors in Work Psychology and Organisational Behaviour. Yet, there are arguments concerning their effectiveness and the modern techniques for achieving team effectiveness. There is also scepticism about whether teams are a good way of organising work, especially when considering the high cost for their formation and function. The main body of the essay comprises of how teams work, analyses the team types and roles, along with the stages of team development. These categories contain essential tools for team success and effectiveness. Finally, both the importance and the disadvantages of teamwork are investigated.

团队的工作方式-输入-过程-输出模型——How Teams Work - Input - Process - Output Model

The input-process-output model explains how inputs like team composition and task affect directly and indirectly the team performance through team processes, such as Leadership and communication

输入——Inputs

The inputs into the team include the task, the team members and the context the team performs, which is divided in organisational context and cultural context.

任务——Task

The task influences the team performance a great deal. Each of the tasks the team performs has an effect on the team's performance on the various indicators. (Chmiel, Unsworth, West 2000, pp. 330-336, citing Kent and McGrath, 1969).

团队构成——Team Composition

A good team consists of members who do not interfere with the roles of others and understand clearly what their role is (Belbin, 1994, p. 21). All members should act as part of the team, not individually and also develop a high level of communication. Additionally, there are rules about the acceptable and the non-acceptable behaviours in order to prevent conflicts between the members that could disturb the group's equilibrium and efficiency (Buchanan, Huczynski, 2004, pp. 283-284).

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