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商务英语源于普通英语,其措词仍保留了普通英语的许多基因,并以此承载着商务信息,以其朴素文体帮助人们从事各类商务活动,并在经济交往中不断发展新词,丰富英语词汇。但是,一些不常用古语却频频出现在商务语篇中,给商务英语初学者带来许多困难,使他们可能因原文理解偏差造成译文漏译,甚至误译。可是正因为使用了这类词语,商务英语具有用词规范、内涵丰富等特征。商务英语古语,大多属于复合副词,由here/there +介词构成。常用的古语有如下几种:

1. hereby: frequently used in legal or business contracts for reaching emphasis effect.W e herebycertify to the bestofourknowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correctand all availableinformation and data have been supplied herein, and thatwe agree to show you documentary proof upon your re-ques.t兹证明,据我方所知,上述声明内容详实,正确无误,并提供了全部能提供的资料和数据,我方可应贵方要求,提出有效的证明。分析:按照汉语表达习惯,书写证明或担保信函时,译者可将hereby翻译成“特此”或“兹”这类专用词语,这既符合目的语实用文体写作规范,又能达到严谨正式的效果。

2. hereof: referring to the above-m entioned“of this contract”or“of the docum ent”.A company complying w ith the conditions and provisions hereofmay be registered as a lim ited liability company or acompany lim ited by shares.符合本法规定的条件的,登记为有限责任公司或者股份有限公司。分析: hereof的意思是上文提到的of this Law,译者翻译时必须将of this Law进行补译,文章内容才清楚,避免了文字漏洞,以免给商务活动造成经济损失。

3. hereto: This term refers to“to what has been m entioned in the previous docum ent”, especially“to the contract”or“to the agreem ent”etc.Neither of the Parties hereto shall at any tim e during the continuance hereof deal w ith any of the shares of the JointCompany owned by it.本协议任何一方都不得在本协议有效期间,处理其拥有的合营公司的任何股份。分析:本例句中的hereto意为“本协议的”,具有强调之意。任何协议或合同的当事人其责任或义务均制约于“本协议”或“本合同”,故此处hereto可翻译成协议的限定成份。

4. herein: This technical term often refers to the afore-m entioned“in this contract”,“in this agreem ent”or“in thisLaw”.Foreign trade m entioned herein shall cover the import and export of goods, technology and the international trade inservices.本法所称对外贸易是指货物进出口,技术进出口和国际服务贸易。分析: foreign trade m entioned herein译成“本法所称对外贸易”。原文herein意为in this Law,汉译时应对译文进行语言加工,使译文严谨、简洁。

5. hereinafter: This technical term , m eaning“later in the sam e Contract”, is often used along w ith“referred to /re-ferred to as / called”etc. to avoid word repetition.This Contract ismade and signed in Beijing onM ay18,2005, by and between ABC Company (hereinafter referred to asthe Seller) and CBA Company (hereinafter referred to as the Buyer).本合同由ABC公司(以下称卖方)和CBA公司(以下称买方)于2005年5月18日在北京签订。分析:为了语篇精练,避免用词重复,合同中经常使用甲方、乙方指代合同双方责任人,这一用法已经约定俗成,并成为合同起草和合同翻译的固定形式。

6. hereinbefore: previously written in this given docum ent, legal provision or contract.Both the lessor and the lessee hereby agree that neither party shall term inate the Contract in advance under any circum-stances other than stipulated hereinbefore.出租人与承租人双方均同意除合同上文规定情形以外,任何一方在任何情况下均不得提前终止本合同。分析:本句的hereinbefore应该翻译成“在上文中”; cf. hereinbelow:在下文中。

7. therefrom: from these or that in a given paragraph, mostly used in comm ercial correspondences, agreem ents or legalwritings. In such case, Seller is bound to reimburse Buyer for any loss or damage sustained therefrom.在此情况下,卖方必须负责偿还买方由此所遭受的损失。分析: therefrom在此句中的意思是“from the above-m entioned term s or conditions for breaching the contract or the a-greem ent”,译者可将此词译成“由此”或其他类似词语等。

8. therein: This term may be taken as“in that aspect”etc. W emay use itwhen referring to the abovem entioned“in theW orks/Agreem ent/Contract”.A certificate of the Borrower shal,l substantially, comply w ith the form set forth in Appendix4, and the attac本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。