摘要:本文是英国伦敦大学皇家玛丽学院的一篇对政府采购和创新的研究的留学生作业,政府采购系统最初形成于18世纪末到19世纪初的西方自由资本主义国家。一个多世纪以来,政府采购已经在国家的社会、经济、外交方面发挥了重要作用并且占了政府开支很大的一部分,据统计,政府采购通常占一个国家GDP的10 - 15%。通过采购系统,政府不仅完成了政府采购职能的基本目标,以鼓励和促进工业目标的发展,而且通过他们的采购计划和决策来实现某些国内和国际的政策目标。
Materials Management,' in this book chapter is devoted on government procurement issues. Through comparison and analysis, they believe that in a competitive bidding and purchasing in addition, there is need to develop consultations, procurement, procurement inquiry, single-source procurement and other methods.
McKenney’s theory of government procurement corruption.Corruption in government procurement may often be tempted to play a larger role or to provide more opportunities for this situation, the University of Pittsburgh professor of public administration and policy McKenney (Jerome B. Mckinney) in 1995 published ' the public sector and non-profit agencies effective financial management, ' focuses on government procurement departments or purchasing agent in the fraud and its control and prevention measures.
Government procurement and innovation
From the research point of view, in the government procurement and technological innovation on this issue, the conclusions of scholars from various countries in general can be summarized by:
Government procurement's role in innovation in the product life cycle and the early stages of an industrial sector is the most influential, mainly because the government is often at this stage is that these innovative technologies and the effects may eventually produce a very small number of customers;
When the government is the users of innovative products, government procurement is the most influential;
When the government procurement and supplier of commercial market
strategy harmony, the government procurement is the most effective;
A certain scale of public markets are a necessary stimulus for industrial development;
In addition to technology and product quality other factors in government procurement are also very important, the fact that government procurement policies on reducing the impact of innovation;
If the lack of coordination between government policies would be led to government procurement and other policy instruments is difficult to play a common role.
Government Procurement and independent innovation, analysis of the basic theories and their relationship.
2.1 Theoretical analysis
Government Procurement (Public Procurement), refers to the daily work of the public sector and the provision of public services needs, under the supervision of relevant departments, in accordance with the statutory forms, methods and procedures, the use of national financial capital and government loans, buy goods, works and services.
2.1.1 Characteristics of government procurement
Main body has a specific nature of the procurement. The main body of government procurement, also known as the procuring entity, mainly referring to government agencies and institutions and social groups and other government departments and public utilities and other government agencies, government procurement has been with the agency and the agency characteristics.
The sources of government procurement funds and public openness in the procurement process. Government procurement funds from the Government's financial allocation, that is formed by the taxpayer's
taxation of public fund, government procurement laws and procedures are open to the public procurement process is completely op
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